Foreign direct investment and firm performance: an empirical analysis of Italian firms

Both empirical and theoretical literature show that multinational firms exhibit a competitive advantage before investing abroad. However, there are no clear empirical results regarding the ex post effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on firm performance, partially due to the inadequacy of avai...

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Published inReview of world economics Vol. 152; no. 4; pp. 705 - 732
Main Authors Borin, Alessandro, Mancini, Michele
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer 01.11.2016
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Springer Nature B.V
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Abstract Both empirical and theoretical literature show that multinational firms exhibit a competitive advantage before investing abroad. However, there are no clear empirical results regarding the ex post effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on firm performance, partially due to the inadequacy of available firm-level data. We build a brand new firm-level dataset able both to represent the extent of Italian firms' foreign activity and to provide reliable measures of key performance indicators, especially total factor productivity (TFP) and employment. We then use a propensity score matching procedure to analyze the causal relationship between FDI and firm performance. Firms investing abroad for the very first time, especially in advanced economies, show higher productivity and employment dynamics in the years following the investment: the average positive effect on TFP is driven by new multinationals operating in specialized and high-tech sectors, while the positive employment gains are explained by an increase of the white collar component. On average there are no negative effects on the parent firm's blue collar component.
AbstractList Both empirical and theoretical literature show that multinational firms exhibit a competitive advantage before investing abroad. However, there are no clear empirical results regarding the ex post effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on firm performance, partially due to the inadequacy of available firm-level data. We build a brand new firm-level dataset able both to represent the extent of Italian firms' foreign activity and to provide reliable measures of key performance indicators, especially total factor productivity (TFP) and employment. We then use a propensity score matching procedure to analyze the causal relationship between FDI and firm performance. Firms investing abroad for the very first time, especially in advanced economies, show higher productivity and employment dynamics in the years following the investment: the average positive effect on TFP is driven by new multinationals operating in specialized and high-tech sectors, while the positive employment gains are explained by an increase of the white collar component. On average there are no negative effects on the parent firm's blue collar component.
Author Borin, Alessandro
Mancini, Michele
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Gandhi, A., Navarro, S., & Rivers, S. (2012). On the Identification of Production Functions: How Heterogeneous is Productivity? (2012 Meeting Papers). Society for Economic Dynamics.
WooldridgeJMOn estimating firm-level production functions using proxy variables to control for unobservablesEconomics Letters2009104311211410.1016/j.econlet.2009.04.026
HelpmanEA simple theory of international trade with multinational corporationsJournal of Political Economy198492345147110.1086/261236
UNCTAD (2011). World Investment Report 2011. United Nations.
HymerSThe international operations of national firms: A study of direct foreign investment1960Cambridge, MAMIT Press
Ackerberg, D., Caves, K., & Frazer, G. (2006). Structural identification of production functions. (MPRA Paper 38349). Germany: University Library of Munich.
Hijzen, A., Inui, T., & Todo, Y. (2007). The effects of multinational production on domestic performance: Evidence from Japanese firms. (Discussion papers 07006). Tokyo: Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
CastellaniDGiovannettiGProductivity and the international firm: Dissecting heterogeneityJournal of Economic Policy Reform2010131254210.1080/17487870903546226
FeenstraRHansonGGlobalization, outsourcing, and wage inequalityThe American Economic Review1996862240245
Tiffin, A. (2014). European productivity, innovation and competitiveness: The case of italy. (IMF Working Paper 79).
Baldwin, R., & Lopez-Gonzalez, J. (2013). Supply-chain trade: A portrait of global patterns and several testable hypotheses. (NBER Working Paper 18957). National Bureau of Economic Research.
GrossmanGMHelpmanESzeidlAOptimal integration strategies for the multinational firmJournal of International Economics200670121623810.1016/j.jinteco.2005.07.011
HijzenAJeanSMayerTThe effects at home of initiating production abroad: Evidence from matched French firmsReview of World Economics2011147345748310.1007/s10290-011-0094-x
Hassan, F., & Ottaviano, G. (2013). Productivity in Italy: The great unlearning. VoxEUorg. 30 November.
De LoeckerJProduct differentiation, multiproduct firms, and estimating the impact of trade liberalization on productivityEconometrica20117951407145110.3982/ECTA7617
CastellaniDZanfeiAInternationalisation, innovation and productivity: How do firms differ in Italy?The World Economy200730115617610.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.00875.x
Ackerberg., D., Benkard, C., Berry, S., & Pakes, A. (2007). Econometric tools for analyzing market outcomes. In J. Heckman, E. Leamer (Eds.) Handbook of econometrics, vol 6(1) (pp. 4171–4276). Elsevier, Amsterdam
DunningJHInternational Production and the Multinational Enterprise1981LondonAllen and Unwin
MinettiRZhuSCredit constraints and firm export: Microeconomic evidence from ItalyJournal of International Economics20118310912510.1016/j.jinteco.2010.12.004
Van BiesebroeckJThe sensitivity of productivity estimatesJournal of Business and Economic Statistics200826331132810.1198/073500107000000089
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MariottiSMutinelliMItalia multinazionale 20122012CatanzaroRubbettino Editore
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GirmaSKnellerRPisuMExports versus FDI: An empirical testReview of World Economics200514119321810.1007/s10290-005-0025-9
GirmaSGörgHStroblEExports, international investment, and plant performance: Evidence from a non-parametric testEconomic Letters20048331732410.1016/j.econlet.2003.10.024
Levinsohn, J., & Melitz, M. (2002). Productivity in a differentiated products market equilibrium, mimeo. (Working Paper) Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
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BlundellRCosta DiasMEvaluation methods for non experimental dataFiscal Studies200021442746810.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00031.x
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Griliches, Z., & Mairesse, J. (1995). Production functions: The search for identification. (NBER Working Papers 5067). National Bureau of Economic Research.
SmeetsVWarzynskiFEstimating productivity with multi-product firms, pricing heterogeneity and the role of international tradeJournal of International Economics201390223724410.1016/j.jinteco.2013.01.003
Pinelli, D., Szekely, I., & Varga, J. (2015). Italys productivity challenge. VoxEUorg. 22 December.
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EngelDProcherVExport FDI and firm productivityApplied Economics201244151931194010.1080/00036846.2011.556591
WagnerJExports and productivity: A survey of the evidence from firm level dataThe World Economy200730608210.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.00872.x
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CaliendoMKopeinigSSome practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score matchingJournal of Economic Surveys2008221317210.1111/j.1467-6419.2007.00527.x
BontempiMEGolinelliRParigiGWhy demand uncertainty curbs investment: Evidence from a panel of Italian manufacturing firmsJournal of Macroeconomics201032121823810.1016/j.jmacro.2009.03.004
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Snippet Both empirical and theoretical literature show that multinational firms exhibit a competitive advantage before investing abroad. However, there are no clear...
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SubjectTerms Business metrics
Comparative advantage
Competition
Competitive advantage
Domestic markets
Economic Policy
Economic theory
Economics
Economics and Finance
Employment
European Integration
Exporters
Exports
Foreign investment
Global economy
Globalization
Indexes
International Economics
International trade
Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics
Manufacturing
Multinational corporations
Original Paper
Productivity
Statistical analysis
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Title Foreign direct investment and firm performance: an empirical analysis of Italian firms
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/26748556
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