Effects of changes in body weight on carbohydrate metabolism, catecholamine excretion, and thyroid function
Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass. We hypothesized that changes in energy expenditure associated with weight gain or loss were due in part to changes in catecholamine release, thyroid hormones, carbohydrate u...
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| Published in | The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 71; no. 6; pp. 1421 - 1432 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Bethesda, MD
American Society for Clinical Nutrition
01.06.2000
American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0002-9165 1938-3207 |
| DOI | 10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1421 |
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| Abstract | Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass.
We hypothesized that changes in energy expenditure associated with weight gain or loss were due in part to changes in catecholamine release, thyroid hormones, carbohydrate utilization, or a combination thereof.
Urinary catecholamine excretion, serum thyroid hormone concentrations, and results of 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance tests were examined in obese and never-obese subjects at their usual weights, during weight loss or gain, and at stable weights 10-20% below or 10% above usual.
Urinary norepinephrine excretion decreased significantly during and after weight loss and increased during and after weight gain. Serum concentrations of reverse triiodothyronine increased significantly during and after weight loss, whereas serum concentrations of triiodothyronine increased significantly (by approximately 0%) during and after weight gain. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations during the oral-glucose-tolerance test increased significantly after weight gain in obese subjects. The percentage change in urinary norepinephrine excretion and in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine were significantly correlated with percentage changes in energy expenditure and with each other.
Changes in body weight were associated with changes in catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormones, which might-by virtue of the effects on energy expenditure-have favored a return to usual body weight. Weight gain induced more apparent insulin resistance in the obese than the never-obese subjects, suggesting a threshold effect of total body fat on this phenomenon. |
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| AbstractList | Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass.BACKGROUNDWeight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass.We hypothesized that changes in energy expenditure associated with weight gain or loss were due in part to changes in catecholamine release, thyroid hormones, carbohydrate utilization, or a combination thereof.OBJECTIVEWe hypothesized that changes in energy expenditure associated with weight gain or loss were due in part to changes in catecholamine release, thyroid hormones, carbohydrate utilization, or a combination thereof.Urinary catecholamine excretion, serum thyroid hormone concentrations, and results of 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance tests were examined in obese and never-obese subjects at their usual weights, during weight loss or gain, and at stable weights 10-20% below or 10% above usual.METHODSUrinary catecholamine excretion, serum thyroid hormone concentrations, and results of 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance tests were examined in obese and never-obese subjects at their usual weights, during weight loss or gain, and at stable weights 10-20% below or 10% above usual.Urinary norepinephrine excretion decreased significantly during and after weight loss and increased during and after weight gain. Serum concentrations of reverse triiodothyronine increased significantly during and after weight loss, whereas serum concentrations of triiodothyronine increased significantly (by approximately 0%) during and after weight gain. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations during the oral-glucose-tolerance test increased significantly after weight gain in obese subjects. The percentage change in urinary norepinephrine excretion and in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine were significantly correlated with percentage changes in energy expenditure and with each other.RESULTSUrinary norepinephrine excretion decreased significantly during and after weight loss and increased during and after weight gain. Serum concentrations of reverse triiodothyronine increased significantly during and after weight loss, whereas serum concentrations of triiodothyronine increased significantly (by approximately 0%) during and after weight gain. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations during the oral-glucose-tolerance test increased significantly after weight gain in obese subjects. The percentage change in urinary norepinephrine excretion and in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine were significantly correlated with percentage changes in energy expenditure and with each other.Changes in body weight were associated with changes in catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormones, which might-by virtue of the effects on energy expenditure-have favored a return to usual body weight. Weight gain induced more apparent insulin resistance in the obese than the never-obese subjects, suggesting a threshold effect of total body fat on this phenomenon.CONCLUSIONSChanges in body weight were associated with changes in catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormones, which might-by virtue of the effects on energy expenditure-have favored a return to usual body weight. Weight gain induced more apparent insulin resistance in the obese than the never-obese subjects, suggesting a threshold effect of total body fat on this phenomenon. Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass. We hypothesized that changes in energy expenditure associated with weight gain or loss were due in part to changes in catecholamine release, thyroid hormones, carbohydrate utilization, or a combination thereof. Urinary catecholamine excretion, serum thyroid hormone concentrations, and results of 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance tests were examined in obese and never-obese subjects at their usual weights, during weight loss or gain, and at stable weights 10-20% below or 10% above usual. Urinary norepinephrine excretion decreased significantly during and after weight loss and increased during and after weight gain. Serum concentrations of reverse triiodothyronine increased significantly during and after weight loss, whereas serum concentrations of triiodothyronine increased significantly (by approximately 0%) during and after weight gain. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations during the oral-glucose-tolerance test increased significantly after weight gain in obese subjects. The percentage change in urinary norepinephrine excretion and in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine were significantly correlated with percentage changes in energy expenditure and with each other. Changes in body weight were associated with changes in catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormones, which might - by virtue of the effects on energy expenditure - have favored a return to usual body weight. Weight gain induced more apparent insulin resistance in the obese than the never-obese subjects, suggesting a threshold effect of total body fat on this phenomenon. Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass. We hypothesized that changes in energy expenditure associated with weight gain or loss were due in part to changes in catecholamine release, thyroid hormones, carbohydrate utilization, or a combination thereof. Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass. We hypothesized that changes in energy expenditure associated with weight gain or loss were due in part to changes in catecholamine release, thyroid hormones, carbohydrate utilization, or a combination thereof. Urinary catecholamine excretion, serum thyroid hormone concentrations, and results of 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance tests were examined in obese and never-obese subjects at their usual weights, during weight loss or gain, and at stable weights 10-20% below or 10% above usual. Urinary norepinephrine excretion decreased significantly during and after weight loss and increased during and after weight gain. Serum concentrations of reverse triiodothyronine increased significantly during and after weight loss, whereas serum concentrations of triiodothyronine increased significantly (by approximately 0%) during and after weight gain. Serum insulin and glucose concentrations during the oral-glucose-tolerance test increased significantly after weight gain in obese subjects. The percentage change in urinary norepinephrine excretion and in serum concentrations of triiodothyronine were significantly correlated with percentage changes in energy expenditure and with each other. Changes in body weight were associated with changes in catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormones, which might-by virtue of the effects on energy expenditure-have favored a return to usual body weight. Weight gain induced more apparent insulin resistance in the obese than the never-obese subjects, suggesting a threshold effect of total body fat on this phenomenon. |
| Author | Hirsch, Jules Leibel, Rudolph L Murphy, Ellen Rosenbaum, Michael |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michael surname: Rosenbaum fullname: Rosenbaum, Michael – sequence: 2 givenname: Jules surname: Hirsch fullname: Hirsch, Jules – sequence: 3 givenname: Ellen surname: Murphy fullname: Murphy, Ellen – sequence: 4 givenname: Rudolph L surname: Leibel fullname: Leibel, Rudolph L |
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| Keywords | Endocrinopathy Human Obesity Diabetes mellitus Body weight Nutrition disorder Weight loss Homeostasis Thyroid gland Catecholamine Metabolism Weight gain Adult Thyroid hormone Carbohydrate Exocrine secretion Nutritional status |
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Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Mar;73(3):655-8 |
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| Snippet | Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass.
We hypothesized that changes in... Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass. We hypothesized that changes in... Weight gain and loss increases and decreases energy expenditure, respectively, out of proportion to changes in metabolic mass.BACKGROUNDWeight gain and loss... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult analysis Biological and medical sciences blood Blood Glucose Blood Glucose - metabolism Body Composition Carbohydrate Metabolism Catecholamines Catecholamines - urine Dopamine Dopamine - urine Energy Metabolism Female Glucose Tolerance Test human health and safety human nutrition Humans Insulin Insulin - blood Leptin Leptin - analysis Male Medical sciences medicine Metabolic diseases Metabolism Norepinephrine Norepinephrine - urine Obesity Obesity - physiopathology physiology physiopathology Thyroid Gland Thyroid Gland - physiopathology Triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine - blood urine Weight Weight Gain Weight Gain - physiology Weight Loss Weight Loss - physiology |
| Title | Effects of changes in body weight on carbohydrate metabolism, catecholamine excretion, and thyroid function |
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