SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure-A Concise Review
The incidence of both diabetes mellitus type 2 and heart failure is rapidly growing, and the diseases often coexist. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new antidiabetic drug class that mediates epithelial glucose transport at the renal proximal tubules, inhibiting glucose abso...
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Published in | Journal of clinical medicine Vol. 11; no. 6; p. 1470 |
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Format | Journal Article |
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08.03.2022
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Abstract | The incidence of both diabetes mellitus type 2 and heart failure is rapidly growing, and the diseases often coexist. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new antidiabetic drug class that mediates epithelial glucose transport at the renal proximal tubules, inhibiting glucose absorption-resulting in glycosuria-and therefore improving glycemic control. Recent trials have proven that SGLT2i also improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes, including reduced cardiovascular mortality and fewer hospitalizations for heart failure. Reduced preload and afterload, improved vascular function, and changes in tissue sodium and calcium handling may also play a role. The expected paradigm shift in treatment strategies was reflected in the most recent 2021 guidelines published by the European Society of Cardiology, recommending dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as first-line treatment for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Moreover, the recent results of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial regarding empagliflozin give us hope that there is finally an effective treatment for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of these new anti-glycemic oral agents in the management of diabetic and heart failure patients. |
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AbstractList | The incidence of both diabetes mellitus type 2 and heart failure is rapidly growing, and the diseases often coexist. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new antidiabetic drug class that mediates epithelial glucose transport at the renal proximal tubules, inhibiting glucose absorption-resulting in glycosuria-and therefore improving glycemic control. Recent trials have proven that SGLT2i also improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes, including reduced cardiovascular mortality and fewer hospitalizations for heart failure. Reduced preload and afterload, improved vascular function, and changes in tissue sodium and calcium handling may also play a role. The expected paradigm shift in treatment strategies was reflected in the most recent 2021 guidelines published by the European Society of Cardiology, recommending dapagliflozin and empagliflozin as first-line treatment for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Moreover, the recent results of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial regarding empagliflozin give us hope that there is finally an effective treatment for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review aims to assess the efficacy and safety of these new anti-glycemic oral agents in the management of diabetic and heart failure patients. |
Author | Keller, Daria M Walgamage, Thilini Straburzyńska-Migaj, Ewa Tariq, Hamza Mohammed, Azad Lesiak, Maciej Walgamage, Malsha Kałużna-Oleksy, Marta Ahmed, Natasha Chou, Jadzia Tin-Tsen |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 Cardiology Department, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, UK; natashaahmed@doctors.org.uk 4 Center for Medical Education in English, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland; malsha.walgamage@gmail.com (M.W.); thilini.walgamage@gmail.com (T.W.); azadmohammed158@gmail.com (A.M.) 3 Cardiology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; hamza_tariq@hotmail.co.uk 1 Ist Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; jadzia.chou@gmail.com (J.T.-T.C.); marta.kaluzna@wp.pl (M.K.-O.); maciej.lesiak@skpp.edu.pl (M.L.); ewa.straburzynska-migaj@skpp.edu.pl (E.S.-M.) |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Ist Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; jadzia.chou@gmail.com (J.T.-T.C.); marta.kaluzna@wp.pl (M.K.-O.); maciej.lesiak@skpp.edu.pl (M.L.); ewa.straburzynska-migaj@skpp.edu.pl (E.S.-M.) – name: 2 Cardiology Department, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, UK; natashaahmed@doctors.org.uk – name: 4 Center for Medical Education in English, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland; malsha.walgamage@gmail.com (M.W.); thilini.walgamage@gmail.com (T.W.); azadmohammed158@gmail.com (A.M.) – name: 3 Cardiology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; hamza_tariq@hotmail.co.uk |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daria M orcidid: 0000-0002-8570-1812 surname: Keller fullname: Keller, Daria M organization: Ist Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland – sequence: 2 givenname: Natasha orcidid: 0000-0002-8204-8205 surname: Ahmed fullname: Ahmed, Natasha organization: Cardiology Department, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Hamza orcidid: 0000-0002-4576-7323 surname: Tariq fullname: Tariq, Hamza organization: Cardiology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Malsha orcidid: 0000-0003-0683-7576 surname: Walgamage fullname: Walgamage, Malsha organization: Center for Medical Education in English, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland – sequence: 5 givenname: Thilini orcidid: 0000-0002-9819-7096 surname: Walgamage fullname: Walgamage, Thilini organization: Center for Medical Education in English, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland – sequence: 6 givenname: Azad orcidid: 0000-0002-1242-1422 surname: Mohammed fullname: Mohammed, Azad organization: Center for Medical Education in English, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-512 Poznan, Poland – sequence: 7 givenname: Jadzia Tin-Tsen orcidid: 0000-0003-4448-8768 surname: Chou fullname: Chou, Jadzia Tin-Tsen organization: Ist Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland – sequence: 8 givenname: Marta orcidid: 0000-0003-4048-6247 surname: Kałużna-Oleksy fullname: Kałużna-Oleksy, Marta organization: Ist Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland – sequence: 9 givenname: Maciej orcidid: 0000-0003-2630-5016 surname: Lesiak fullname: Lesiak, Maciej organization: Ist Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland – sequence: 10 givenname: Ewa orcidid: 0000-0002-0545-3370 surname: Straburzyńska-Migaj fullname: Straburzyńska-Migaj, Ewa organization: Ist Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland |
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Keywords | heart failure sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 |
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SubjectTerms | Antidiabetics Clinical medicine Contraindications COVID-19 Diabetes Disease Drug dosages Ejection fraction FDA approval Glucose Heart failure Insulin resistance Kidneys Mortality Oxidative stress Physiology Review Sodium |
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Title | SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure-A Concise Review |
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