Competitive authoritarianism, informational authoritarianism, and the development of dictatorship: a case study of Belarus
This article explores the dynamics of modern authoritarian regimes, using Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko as a case study. By examining Belarus’s transition from a “competitive authoritarian” regime to a “hegemonic authoritarian” one from 1994 to 1996 and its further shift from a spin dictatorshi...
Saved in:
Published in | Public choice Vol. 198; no. 3-4; pp. 343 - 360 |
---|---|
Main Author | |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York
Springer US
01.03.2024
Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | This article explores the dynamics of modern authoritarian regimes, using Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko as a case study. By examining Belarus’s transition from a “competitive authoritarian” regime to a “hegemonic authoritarian” one from 1994 to 1996 and its further shift from a spin dictatorship to a fear dictatorship in 2020, the study offers insights into the multifaceted nature of dictatorships. The main findings are that using elections as a means to classify regimes does not fully explain their effect on authoritarian vulnerability and that different classifications of dictatorship, such as spin versus fear, are not necessarily mutually exclusive. |
---|---|
AbstractList | This article explores the dynamics of modern authoritarian regimes, using Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko as a case study. By examining Belarus’s transition from a “competitive authoritarian” regime to a “hegemonic authoritarian” one from 1994 to 1996 and its further shift from a spin dictatorship to a fear dictatorship in 2020, the study offers insights into the multifaceted nature of dictatorships. The main findings are that using elections as a means to classify regimes does not fully explain their effect on authoritarian vulnerability and that different classifications of dictatorship, such as spin versus fear, are not necessarily mutually exclusive. |
Author | Evans, Anthony J. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Anthony J. orcidid: 0000-0002-4261-9819 surname: Evans fullname: Evans, Anthony J. email: anthonyjevans@gmail.com organization: ESCP Business School |
BookMark | eNp9kE1LAzEQhoNUsK3-AU8Br0bzsdtNvGnxCwpe9BzSTWJTups1yRbqrzfrCl7Ey8zAPO_APDMwaX1rADgn-IpgXF1HQgitEKYMYUIYRfQITElZMVQRTCZginHBUcmpOAGzGLcYY7bg5RR8Ln3TmeSS2xuo-rTxwSUVnGpdbC6ha60PjUrOt2r3x161GqaNgdrszc53jWkT9BZqVyeVfIgb191ABWsVDYyp14dhe2d2KvTxFBxbtYvm7KfPwdvD_evyCa1eHp-XtytUF1gkRKwtiqrAViwKatei5rbWa1tpwobRcqaN0lyzTFW4LnNlwnIlFoxmN4TNwcV4twv-ozcxya3vQ_4nSipYRjgTA0VHqg4-xmCs7IJrVDhIguXgWI6OZXYsvx1LmkNsDMUMt-8m_J7-J_UFGEqDOw |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s11127_024_01175_z |
Cites_doi | 10.1353/jod.2002.0025 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00189.x 10.12987/9780300244861 10.1111/muwo.12454 10.1353/jod.2002.0031 10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_2 10.2307/j.ctt1mtz6c5 10.2307/20048274 10.1080/00085006.2021.1992923 10.1017/CBO9781139176040 10.1017/S0043887111000281 10.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.06.004 10.1515/9781685857479 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00384.x 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00382.x 10.23865/noros.v35.2653 10.1080/1060586X.1994.10641378 10.1080/1060586X.2022.2042138 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680320.001.0001 10.1017/CBO9780511802348 10.1080/13510347.2013.738860 10.1353/jod.2002.0003 10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732 10.1057/s41287-019-00247-x 10.1080/25739638.2021.1928880 10.1525/j.postcomstud.2021.54.4.117 10.1080/09668136.2022.2093332 10.1080/14683857.2018.1550948 10.1177/00104140221139387 10.2747/1538-7216.48.1.37 10.1093/isagsq/ksac081 10.1257/jep.33.4.100 10.1353/jod.2002.0026 10.1007/s11127-009-9491-2 10.1162/DAED_a_00398 10.2307/j.ctvdf08xx.8 10.1080/17448689.2011.553401 10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272 10.3386/w21136 10.1080/1060586X.2022.2026127 10.5195/jwsr.2018.716 10.1017/S0003055403000534 10.1017/CBO9780511781353 10.31430/almuntaqa.2.2.0040 10.1353/jod.2005.0074 10.2307/j.ctv1xp9p7d 10.1353/jod.2007.0009 10.1353/jod.2018.0068 10.1023/A:1017524416455 10.30965/20526512-12350008 10.4324/9780203220399 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7UB 8BJ FQK JBE |
DOI | 10.1007/s11127-023-01132-2 |
DatabaseName | CrossRef Worldwide Political Science Abstracts International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) International Bibliography of the Social Sciences International Bibliography of the Social Sciences |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Worldwide Political Science Abstracts |
DatabaseTitleList | International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Economics Political Science |
EISSN | 1573-7101 |
EndPage | 360 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1007_s11127_023_01132_2 |
GeographicLocations | Belarus |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: Belarus |
GroupedDBID | -4X -57 -5G -BR -DZ -EM -Y2 -~C .86 0-V 06D 0R~ 0VY 123 199 1N0 1SB 2.D 203 28- 29P 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 2P1 2VQ 2~H 3-Y 30V 3V. 4.4 406 408 409 40D 40E 53G 5QI 5VS 63O 67Z 6NX 78A 7WY 8AO 8FI 8FJ 8FL 8G5 8H~ 8TC 8UJ 8V8 95- 95. 95~ 96X AAAVM AABCJ AABHQ AABYN AAFGU AAGAY AAHNG AAIAL AAJKR AANZL AARHV AARTL AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAYFA AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO ABBBX ABBHK ABBXA ABDZT ABECU ABECW ABFGW ABFTD ABFTV ABGEI ABHLI ABHQN ABJNI ABJOX ABKAS ABKCH ABKTR ABKVW ABLJU ABMNI ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABSXP ABTAH ABTDC ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABULA ABUWG ABWNU ABXPI ABXSQ ABYRZ ABYYQ ACBMV ACBRV ACBXY ACBYP ACGFS ACHQT ACHSB ACHXU ACIGE ACIPQ ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACNCT ACNXV ACOKC ACOMO ACTTH ACVFL ACVWB ACWMK ACYUM ACZOJ ADACV ADBBV ADGDI ADHHG ADHIR ADIMF ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADMDM ADMHP ADOXG ADPTO ADQAN ADRFC ADTPH ADULT ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEEQQ AEFIE AEFTE AEGAL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEOHA AEPYU AEQOZ AESKC AESTI AETLH AEUPB AEVLU AEVTX AEXYK AFDAS AFDYV AFEXP AFFNX AFGCZ AFKRA AFLOW AFNRJ AFQWF AFWTZ AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGGBP AGGDS AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHAJD AHAVH AHBYD AHEXP AHKAY AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIIXL AILAN AIMYW AITGF AJBLW AJDOV AJRNO AJZVZ AKQUC AKVCP ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR AOCGG AQUVI ARALO ARMRJ ASOEW AXYYD AYQZM AZFZN AZQEC AZRUE B-. BA0 BAPOH BBWZM BDATZ BENPR BEZIV BGNMA BHNFS BPHCQ BVXVI CAG CBXGM CCPQU CHNMF COF CS3 CSCUP CWXUR CZBKB DDRTE DL5 DNIVK DPSOV DPUIP DU5 DWQXO EBLON EBO EBS EBU EHE EIOEI EJD EOH ESBYG F5P FEDTE FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRNLG FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC FYUFA GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNUQQ GNWQR GPZZG GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_ARCHIVE GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_COMPLETE GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_RESEARCH GUQSH GXS HECYW HEHIP HF~ HG5 HG6 HMJXF HQYDN HRMNR HVGLF HZ~ I09 IHE IJ- IKXTQ ITM IWAJR IXC IZIGR IZQ I~X I~Z J-C J0Z JAAYA JAB JBMMH JBSCW JBU JCJTX JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLEZI JLXEF JPL JPPEU JSODD JST JZLTJ K1G K60 K6~ K8~ KC- KDC KOV KOW LAK LLZTM LPU M0C M0T M2L M2O M2R M2S M4Y MA- MQGED N2Q N9A NB0 NDZJH NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O-J O9- O93 O9G O9I O9J OAM OVD P19 P2P P9M PF- PQBIZ PQQKQ PROAC PT4 PT5 Q2X QOK QOS R-Y R4E R89 R9I RHV RIG RNI RNS ROL RPX RSV RZC RZD RZK S16 S1Z S26 S27 S28 S3B SA0 SAP SBE SCF SCLPG SDH SDM SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T13 T16 TEORI TH9 TKY TN5 TSG TSK TSV TUC U2A UG4 UKHRP UNUBA UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW VQA W23 W48 WH7 WK6 WK8 YLTOR Z45 Z7U Z7Z Z81 Z83 Z8T Z8U Z8W ZCA ZCG ZMTXR ZY4 ZYFGU ~8M ~EX AACDK AAJBT AASML AAYXX AAYZH ABAKF ACAOD ACDTI AEFQL AEMSY AFBBN AGRTI AIGIU ALIPV CITATION 7UB 8BJ FQK JBE |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c409t-1ff44740f9642fb9c8fcdbf7d13c8fcf83dead8d344770c547739f8a963210013 |
IEDL.DBID | AGYKE |
ISSN | 0048-5829 |
IngestDate | Mon Nov 25 23:58:19 EST 2024 Mon Nov 25 10:30:09 EST 2024 Sat Feb 24 01:12:35 EST 2024 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 3-4 |
Keywords | Spin dictatorship D74 N14 Informational authoritarianism Competitive authoritarianism Belarus Authoritarianism D72 Electoral authoritarianism P20 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c409t-1ff44740f9642fb9c8fcdbf7d13c8fcf83dead8d344770c547739f8a963210013 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-4261-9819 |
PQID | 2931008391 |
PQPubID | 34409 |
PageCount | 18 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2931008391 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11127_023_01132_2 springer_journals_10_1007_s11127_023_01132_2 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2024-03-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-03-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 03 year: 2024 text: 2024-03-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | New York |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New York – name: Dordrecht |
PublicationTitle | Public choice |
PublicationTitleAbbrev | Public Choice |
PublicationYear | 2024 |
Publisher | Springer US Springer Nature B.V |
Publisher_xml | – name: Springer US – name: Springer Nature B.V |
References | HuskeyEAuthoritarian leadership in the post-communist worldDaedalus20161453698210.1162/DAED_a_00398 MarplesDRColour revolutions: The Belarusian caseCommunist and Post-Communist Studies20063935136410.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.06.004 LacatusCPopulism, competitive authoritarianism, and foreign policy: The case of Uganda’s 2021 electionGlobal Studies Quarterly2023311310.1093/isagsq/ksac081 FearonJDLaitinDDEthnicity, insurgency, and civil warAmerican Political Science Review2003971759010.1017/S0003055403000534 SvolikMWPower sharing and leadership dynamics in authoritarian regimesAmerican Journal of Political Science200953247749410.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00382.x Guriev, S., & Treisman, D. (2017). Authoritarian control techniques dataset (V.1.) [UCLA data set]. https://www.danieltreisman.org/s/Replication.zip. MarplesDRChanging BelarusCanadian Slavonic Papers2021633/427829510.1080/00085006.2021.1992923 Doherty, J., (2005, April 20) Rice: Russia’s future linked to democracy. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/20/rice.dougherty/index.html. StokkeKAungSMTransition to democracy or hybrid regime? The dynamics and outcomes of democratization in MyanmarEuropean Journal of Development Research20203227429310.1057/s41287-019-00247-x Huntington, S. P. (1993). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. University of Oklahoma Press. GershweskiJThe three pillars of stability: Legitimation, repression and co-optation in autocratic regimesDemocratization2013201133810.1080/13510347.2013.738860 Przetacznik, J., & Tothova, L. (2022). Media environment in Belarus. European Parliament Briefing https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/698922/EPRS_BRI(2022)698922_EN.pdf. BieberFPatterns of competitive authoritarianism in the western BalkansEast European Politics201834333735410.1080/21599165.2018.1490272 Marples, D. R. (1999). Belarus: A denationalized nation. Harwood Academic Publishers. CheibubJAGandhiJVreelandJRDemocracy and dictatorship revisitedPublic Choice20101421/26710110.1007/s11127-009-9491-2 Guriev, S., & Treisman, D. (2015). How modern dictators survive: An informational theory of the new authoritarianism. NBER Working Paper, 22136. https://www.nber.org/papers/w21136. SvolikMWThe politics of authoritarian rule2012Cambridge University Press10.1017/CBO9781139176040 BogaardsMElischerSBogaardsMElischerSCompetitive authoritarianism in Africa revisitedDemocratization and competitive authoritarianism in Africa2016Springer VS Wiesbaden51810.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_2 HydeSDLambESametOPromoting democracy under electoral authoritarianism: Evidence from CambodiaComparative Political Studies20235671029107110.1177/00104140221139387 HowardMMRoesslerPGLiberalising electoral outcomes in competitive authoritarian regimesAmerican Journal of Political Science200650236538110.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00189.x TrantidisABuilding an authoritarian regime: Strategies for autocratization and resistance in Belarus and SlovakiaThe British Journal of Politics and International Relations2021241123 BisharaARemarks on external factors in democratic transitionAlMuntaqa201922406010.31430/almuntaqa.2.2.0040 Aslund, A. (2019). Russia’s crony capitalism: The path from market economy to kleptocracy. Yale University Press. FukuyamaFThe end of history and the last man1992Free Press HolzerJHlaváčekPLukashenka’s Belarus: A dilemma of regime type in the light of Linz’s theoryPoliteja200912157174 KorostelevaEAKorostelevaEALawsonCWMarshRJParty system development in post-communist BelarusContemporary Belarus: Between democracy and dictatorship2003Routledge688410.4324/9780203220399 MahdaviAIran’s 2021 election as a turning point from electoral authoritarianism to hegemonic autocracyThe Muslim World20231131–27910410.1111/muwo.12454 BedfordSThe election game: Authoritarian consolidation processes in BelarusDemocratizatsiya the Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization2017254381405 ZakariaFThe rise of illiberal democracyForeign Affairs1997766224310.2307/20048274 MudrovSADoomed to fail? Why success was almost not an option in the 2020 protests in BelarusJournal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe202129110912010.1080/25739638.2021.1928880 TerzyanABelarus in the wake of a revolution: Domestic and international factorsEast European Affairs20203214 DiamondLJThinking about hybrid regimesJournal of Democracy2002132213510.1353/jod.2002.0025 EsenBGumuscuSRising competitive authoritarianism in TurkeyThird World Quarterly20163791581160610.1080/01436597.2015.1135732 HallSThe end of adaptive authoritarianism in Belarus?Europe-Asia Studies202375112710.1080/09668136.2022.2093332 GurievSTreismanDInformational autocratsJournal of Economic Perspectives201933410012710.1257/jep.33.4.100 CarothersCThe surprising instability of competitive authoritarianismJournal of Democracy201829412913510.1353/jod.2018.0068 IoffeGUnfinished nation building in Belarus and the 2006 presidential electionEurasian Geography and Economics2007481375810.2747/1538-7216.48.1.37 SchedlerAThe menu of manipulationJournal of Democracy2002132365010.1353/jod.2002.0031 Petrov, N., Lipman, M., & Hale, H. E. (2010). Overmanaged democracy in Russia: Governance implications of hybrid regimes. Carnegie Papers, No. 106. Wilson, A. (2011). Belarus: The last European dictatorship. Yale University Press. SilitskiVPreempting democracy: The case of BelarusJournal of Democracy2005164839710.1353/jod.2005.0074 BrownleeJAuthoritarianism in the age of democratization2007Cambridge University Press10.1017/CBO9780511802348 MateoE‘All of Belarus has come out onto the streets’: Exploring nationwide protest and the role of pre-existing social networksPost-Soviet Affairs2022381/2264210.1080/1060586X.2022.2026127 Ioffe, G. (2008). Understanding Belarus and how western policy misses the mark. Roman & Littlefield. Schedler, A. (2013). The Politics of uncertainty: Sustaining and subverting electoral authoritarianism. Oxford University Press. WayLAHutchesonDSKorostelevaEAThe sources and dynamics of competitive authoritarianism in UkraineThe quality of democracy in post-communist Europe2004Routledge143161 GurievSTreismanDSpin dictators2022Princeton University Press10.2307/j.ctv1xp9p7d HadeniusATeorellJPathways from authoritarianismJournal of Democracy20071814310.1353/jod.2007.0009 LevitskySWayLAThe rise of competitive authoritarianismJournal of Democracy2002132516510.1353/jod.2002.0026 Schedler, A. (Ed.) (2006). Electoral authoritarianism: The dynamics of unfree competition. Lynne Rienner Publishers. MorseYLThe era of electoral authoritarianismWorld Politics201264116119810.1017/S0043887111000281 BedfordSOsäkerhetens politik i praktiken: Presidentvalet 2020 som förändrade Belarus [The politics of uncertainty in practice: The 2020 Presidential Election that changed Belarus]Nordisk Østforum202155365910.23865/noros.v35.2653 CarothersCThe end of the transition paradigmJournal of Democracy200213152110.1353/jod.2002.0003 WilkinPThe rise of ‘illiberal’ democracy: The orbánization of Hungarian political cultureJournal of World Systems Research201824154210.5195/jwsr.2018.716 Zakaria, F., (2003). The future of freedom. W. W. Norton & Company. TrantidisAThe political economy of autocratizationCommunist and Post-Communist Studies202154411713610.1525/j.postcomstud.2021.54.4.117 GiersdorfSCroissantACivil society and competitive authoritarianism in MalaysiaJournal of Civil Society20117112110.1080/17448689.2011.553401 StakeREThe art of case study research1995Sage LevitskySWayLACompetitive authoritarianism2010Cambridge University Press10.1017/CBO9780511781353 OnuchOSasseGThe Belarus crisis: People, protest, and political dispositionsPost-Soviet Affairs2022381/21810.1080/1060586X.2022.2042138 Bazan, L. (2014). A history of Belarus. Glagoslav Publications. BernholzPIdeocracy and totalitarianism: A formal analysis incorporating ideologyPublic Choice20011081337510.1023/A:1017524416455 Gunay, C. (2023). Turkey: The beginning of the next phase of autocratization or the revival of democracy? Trend Report 9, Austrian Institute for International Affairs. https://www.oiip.ac.at/en/publikation/turkey-the-beginning-of-the-next-phase-of-autocratization-or-the-revival-of-democracy/. BrownleeJPortents of pluralism: How hybrid regimes affect democratic transitionsAmerican Journal of Political Science200953351553210.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00384.x CastaldoAPopulism and competitive authoritarianism in TurkeySoutheast European and Black Sea Studies201818446748710.1080/14683857.2018.1550948 RoederPGVarieties of post-Soviet authoritarian regimesPost-Soviet Affairs1994106110110.1080/1060586X.1994.10641378 Ottaway, M. (2013). Democracy challenged: The rise of semi-authoritarianism. Carnegie Endowment. LevitskySLoxtonJCroissantAKailitzSKoellnerPWursterSPopulism and competitive authoritarianism in the AndesComparing autocracies in the early twenty-first century2014Routledge185214 TuranIWiatrJJThe rise of populist electoral authoritarian in Turkey: A case of culturally rooted recidivismNew authoritarianism: Challenges to democracy in the 21st century2019Verlag Barbara Budrich5777610.2307/j.ctvdf08xx.8 MarplesDRStalin’s ghosts, parasites, and pandemic: The roots of the 2020 uprising in BelarusJournal of Belarusian Studies202211152610.30965/20526512-12350008 S Levitsky (1132_CR41) 2010 DR Marples (1132_CR45) 2021; 63 P Bernholz (1132_CR5) 2001; 108 V Silitski (1132_CR57) 2005; 16 S Bedford (1132_CR4) 2021; 55 E Mateo (1132_CR47) 2022; 38 M Bogaards (1132_CR8) 2016 F Fukuyama (1132_CR20) 1992 PG Roeder (1132_CR54) 1994; 10 C Carothers (1132_CR11) 2002; 13 1132_CR24 1132_CR68 1132_CR23 S Bedford (1132_CR3) 2017; 25 1132_CR25 1132_CR69 A Castaldo (1132_CR13) 2018; 18 E Huskey (1132_CR33) 2016; 145 A Bishara (1132_CR7) 2019; 2 J Brownlee (1132_CR10) 2009; 53 JD Fearon (1132_CR19) 2003; 97 EA Korosteleva (1132_CR37) 2003 A Hadenius (1132_CR28) 2007; 18 S Hall (1132_CR29) 2023; 75 S Guriev (1132_CR26) 2019; 33 C Lacatus (1132_CR38) 2023; 3 O Onuch (1132_CR50) 2022; 38 A Trantidis (1132_CR64) 2021; 54 1132_CR17 1132_CR16 JA Cheibub (1132_CR14) 2010; 142 1132_CR53 A Schedler (1132_CR56) 2002; 13 1132_CR52 1132_CR55 S Giersdorf (1132_CR22) 2011; 7 A Trantidis (1132_CR63) 2021; 24 J Gershweski (1132_CR21) 2013; 20 RE Stake (1132_CR58) 1995 1132_CR51 P Wilkin (1132_CR67) 2018; 24 F Zakaria (1132_CR70) 1997; 76 I Turan (1132_CR65) 2019 LJ Diamond (1132_CR15) 2002; 13 SA Mudrov (1132_CR49) 2021; 29 S Guriev (1132_CR27) 2022 K Stokke (1132_CR59) 2020; 32 J Holzer (1132_CR30) 2009; 12 B Esen (1132_CR18) 2016; 37 YL Morse (1132_CR48) 2012; 64 F Bieber (1132_CR6) 2018; 34 A Terzyan (1132_CR62) 2020; 3 1132_CR43 S Levitsky (1132_CR40) 2002; 13 DR Marples (1132_CR46) 2022; 11 MW Svolik (1132_CR60) 2009; 53 S Levitsky (1132_CR39) 2014 LA Way (1132_CR66) 2004 C Carothers (1132_CR12) 2018; 29 G Ioffe (1132_CR36) 2007; 48 1132_CR35 SD Hyde (1132_CR34) 2023; 56 MM Howard (1132_CR31) 2006; 50 A Mahdavi (1132_CR42) 2023; 113 MW Svolik (1132_CR61) 2012 1132_CR32 DR Marples (1132_CR44) 2006; 39 1132_CR1 J Brownlee (1132_CR9) 2007 1132_CR2 |
References_xml | – volume: 13 start-page: 21 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 1132_CR15 publication-title: Journal of Democracy doi: 10.1353/jod.2002.0025 contributor: fullname: LJ Diamond – volume: 24 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 1132_CR63 publication-title: The British Journal of Politics and International Relations contributor: fullname: A Trantidis – volume: 50 start-page: 365 issue: 2 year: 2006 ident: 1132_CR31 publication-title: American Journal of Political Science doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00189.x contributor: fullname: MM Howard – ident: 1132_CR1 doi: 10.12987/9780300244861 – volume: 113 start-page: 79 issue: 1–2 year: 2023 ident: 1132_CR42 publication-title: The Muslim World doi: 10.1111/muwo.12454 contributor: fullname: A Mahdavi – volume: 13 start-page: 36 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 1132_CR56 publication-title: Journal of Democracy doi: 10.1353/jod.2002.0031 contributor: fullname: A Schedler – start-page: 5 volume-title: Democratization and competitive authoritarianism in Africa year: 2016 ident: 1132_CR8 doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-09216-0_2 contributor: fullname: M Bogaards – ident: 1132_CR32 – start-page: 143 volume-title: The quality of democracy in post-communist Europe year: 2004 ident: 1132_CR66 contributor: fullname: LA Way – ident: 1132_CR51 doi: 10.2307/j.ctt1mtz6c5 – volume: 76 start-page: 22 issue: 6 year: 1997 ident: 1132_CR70 publication-title: Foreign Affairs doi: 10.2307/20048274 contributor: fullname: F Zakaria – start-page: 185 volume-title: Comparing autocracies in the early twenty-first century year: 2014 ident: 1132_CR39 contributor: fullname: S Levitsky – volume: 63 start-page: 278 issue: 3/4 year: 2021 ident: 1132_CR45 publication-title: Canadian Slavonic Papers doi: 10.1080/00085006.2021.1992923 contributor: fullname: DR Marples – volume-title: The politics of authoritarian rule year: 2012 ident: 1132_CR61 doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139176040 contributor: fullname: MW Svolik – volume: 64 start-page: 161 issue: 1 year: 2012 ident: 1132_CR48 publication-title: World Politics doi: 10.1017/S0043887111000281 contributor: fullname: YL Morse – volume: 39 start-page: 351 year: 2006 ident: 1132_CR44 publication-title: Communist and Post-Communist Studies doi: 10.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.06.004 contributor: fullname: DR Marples – ident: 1132_CR69 – ident: 1132_CR17 doi: 10.1515/9781685857479 – volume: 53 start-page: 515 issue: 3 year: 2009 ident: 1132_CR10 publication-title: American Journal of Political Science doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00384.x contributor: fullname: J Brownlee – volume: 53 start-page: 477 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: 1132_CR60 publication-title: American Journal of Political Science doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00382.x contributor: fullname: MW Svolik – volume: 55 start-page: 36 year: 2021 ident: 1132_CR4 publication-title: Nordisk Østforum doi: 10.23865/noros.v35.2653 contributor: fullname: S Bedford – volume: 10 start-page: 61 year: 1994 ident: 1132_CR54 publication-title: Post-Soviet Affairs doi: 10.1080/1060586X.1994.10641378 contributor: fullname: PG Roeder – ident: 1132_CR23 – volume: 38 start-page: 1 issue: 1/2 year: 2022 ident: 1132_CR50 publication-title: Post-Soviet Affairs doi: 10.1080/1060586X.2022.2042138 contributor: fullname: O Onuch – ident: 1132_CR55 doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199680320.001.0001 – volume-title: The end of history and the last man year: 1992 ident: 1132_CR20 contributor: fullname: F Fukuyama – volume-title: Authoritarianism in the age of democratization year: 2007 ident: 1132_CR9 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511802348 contributor: fullname: J Brownlee – volume: 20 start-page: 13 issue: 1 year: 2013 ident: 1132_CR21 publication-title: Democratization doi: 10.1080/13510347.2013.738860 contributor: fullname: J Gershweski – ident: 1132_CR16 – volume: 13 start-page: 5 issue: 1 year: 2002 ident: 1132_CR11 publication-title: Journal of Democracy doi: 10.1353/jod.2002.0003 contributor: fullname: C Carothers – volume: 12 start-page: 157 year: 2009 ident: 1132_CR30 publication-title: Politeja contributor: fullname: J Holzer – ident: 1132_CR68 – volume: 37 start-page: 1581 issue: 9 year: 2016 ident: 1132_CR18 publication-title: Third World Quarterly doi: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732 contributor: fullname: B Esen – ident: 1132_CR43 – volume: 32 start-page: 274 year: 2020 ident: 1132_CR59 publication-title: European Journal of Development Research doi: 10.1057/s41287-019-00247-x contributor: fullname: K Stokke – volume: 29 start-page: 109 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: 1132_CR49 publication-title: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe doi: 10.1080/25739638.2021.1928880 contributor: fullname: SA Mudrov – volume: 54 start-page: 117 issue: 4 year: 2021 ident: 1132_CR64 publication-title: Communist and Post-Communist Studies doi: 10.1525/j.postcomstud.2021.54.4.117 contributor: fullname: A Trantidis – volume: 75 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2023 ident: 1132_CR29 publication-title: Europe-Asia Studies doi: 10.1080/09668136.2022.2093332 contributor: fullname: S Hall – volume: 18 start-page: 467 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: 1132_CR13 publication-title: Southeast European and Black Sea Studies doi: 10.1080/14683857.2018.1550948 contributor: fullname: A Castaldo – volume: 56 start-page: 1029 issue: 7 year: 2023 ident: 1132_CR34 publication-title: Comparative Political Studies doi: 10.1177/00104140221139387 contributor: fullname: SD Hyde – ident: 1132_CR53 – volume: 48 start-page: 37 issue: 1 year: 2007 ident: 1132_CR36 publication-title: Eurasian Geography and Economics doi: 10.2747/1538-7216.48.1.37 contributor: fullname: G Ioffe – volume: 3 start-page: 1 year: 2023 ident: 1132_CR38 publication-title: Global Studies Quarterly doi: 10.1093/isagsq/ksac081 contributor: fullname: C Lacatus – volume: 33 start-page: 100 issue: 4 year: 2019 ident: 1132_CR26 publication-title: Journal of Economic Perspectives doi: 10.1257/jep.33.4.100 contributor: fullname: S Guriev – volume: 3 start-page: 2 year: 2020 ident: 1132_CR62 publication-title: East European Affairs contributor: fullname: A Terzyan – volume: 13 start-page: 51 issue: 2 year: 2002 ident: 1132_CR40 publication-title: Journal of Democracy doi: 10.1353/jod.2002.0026 contributor: fullname: S Levitsky – volume: 142 start-page: 67 issue: 1/2 year: 2010 ident: 1132_CR14 publication-title: Public Choice doi: 10.1007/s11127-009-9491-2 contributor: fullname: JA Cheibub – volume: 145 start-page: 69 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 1132_CR33 publication-title: Daedalus doi: 10.1162/DAED_a_00398 contributor: fullname: E Huskey – start-page: 57 volume-title: New authoritarianism: Challenges to democracy in the 21st century year: 2019 ident: 1132_CR65 doi: 10.2307/j.ctvdf08xx.8 contributor: fullname: I Turan – volume: 25 start-page: 381 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: 1132_CR3 publication-title: Democratizatsiya the Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization contributor: fullname: S Bedford – volume: 7 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2011 ident: 1132_CR22 publication-title: Journal of Civil Society doi: 10.1080/17448689.2011.553401 contributor: fullname: S Giersdorf – volume: 34 start-page: 337 issue: 3 year: 2018 ident: 1132_CR6 publication-title: East European Politics doi: 10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272 contributor: fullname: F Bieber – ident: 1132_CR24 doi: 10.3386/w21136 – volume-title: The art of case study research year: 1995 ident: 1132_CR58 contributor: fullname: RE Stake – volume: 38 start-page: 26 issue: 1/2 year: 2022 ident: 1132_CR47 publication-title: Post-Soviet Affairs doi: 10.1080/1060586X.2022.2026127 contributor: fullname: E Mateo – volume: 24 start-page: 5 issue: 1 year: 2018 ident: 1132_CR67 publication-title: Journal of World Systems Research doi: 10.5195/jwsr.2018.716 contributor: fullname: P Wilkin – ident: 1132_CR25 – ident: 1132_CR52 – volume: 97 start-page: 75 issue: 1 year: 2003 ident: 1132_CR19 publication-title: American Political Science Review doi: 10.1017/S0003055403000534 contributor: fullname: JD Fearon – volume-title: Competitive authoritarianism year: 2010 ident: 1132_CR41 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511781353 contributor: fullname: S Levitsky – volume: 2 start-page: 40 issue: 2 year: 2019 ident: 1132_CR7 publication-title: AlMuntaqa doi: 10.31430/almuntaqa.2.2.0040 contributor: fullname: A Bishara – volume: 16 start-page: 83 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: 1132_CR57 publication-title: Journal of Democracy doi: 10.1353/jod.2005.0074 contributor: fullname: V Silitski – volume-title: Spin dictators year: 2022 ident: 1132_CR27 doi: 10.2307/j.ctv1xp9p7d contributor: fullname: S Guriev – volume: 18 start-page: 143 year: 2007 ident: 1132_CR28 publication-title: Journal of Democracy doi: 10.1353/jod.2007.0009 contributor: fullname: A Hadenius – ident: 1132_CR2 – volume: 29 start-page: 129 issue: 4 year: 2018 ident: 1132_CR12 publication-title: Journal of Democracy doi: 10.1353/jod.2018.0068 contributor: fullname: C Carothers – volume: 108 start-page: 33 issue: 1 year: 2001 ident: 1132_CR5 publication-title: Public Choice doi: 10.1023/A:1017524416455 contributor: fullname: P Bernholz – ident: 1132_CR35 – volume: 11 start-page: 5 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: 1132_CR46 publication-title: Journal of Belarusian Studies doi: 10.30965/20526512-12350008 contributor: fullname: DR Marples – start-page: 68 volume-title: Contemporary Belarus: Between democracy and dictatorship year: 2003 ident: 1132_CR37 doi: 10.4324/9780203220399 contributor: fullname: EA Korosteleva |
RelatedPersons | Lukashenko, Aleksandr |
RelatedPersons_xml | – fullname: Lukashenko, Aleksandr |
SSID | ssj0003685 |
Score | 2.4230673 |
Snippet | This article explores the dynamics of modern authoritarian regimes, using Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko as a case study. By examining Belarus’s transition... |
SourceID | proquest crossref springer |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 343 |
SubjectTerms | Authoritarianism Case studies Communism Competition Democracy Dictators Dictatorship Economics Economics and Finance Elections Fear & phobias Hegemony Lukashenko, Aleksandr Political Science Politics Populism Prime ministers Public Finance |
Title | Competitive authoritarianism, informational authoritarianism, and the development of dictatorship: a case study of Belarus |
URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11127-023-01132-2 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2931008391 |
Volume | 198 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3PT8IwFG4UDnpRRI0okh68SQlrO7p5QyISjZ4gwdPStWskxmFku_DX-7ofLioeuCxL2jRZ-_re99b3fUXoimlHuw4zxBsIRjgTikjH1wSQMRcycqTJLoN5eh5MZvxh7s4rHndW7F6eSGaOuuK6ATIQBEIMZL-QQhHwu3WIPXY31of3L4933w7YaqrnB8uWVET9giuzeZSf8agCmb_ORbNwMz5E05K0k1eZvPXSJOyp9V8Nx22-pIEOCviJh7m9HKGdKG6ivZKdvGqiRlEQB52KbX-M1qMMXGdVRlimyevS_lEAy40Xq_cuLrRX85-KG9plrDHATKyr-iS8NFgvVGIzflsudoMlVhBPcaZ2a1tvI0i509UJmo3vpqMJKe5sIAoyxYQ4xnAueN_4kNiY0FeeUTo0QjvMvhqPabBdT1uhQdFXLjyZbzwJfoBaOSh2imrxMo7OEJa-azSVwrJ5OaVCGiM5D1UfEFsEeWQLXZcrF3zk0hxBJcJs5ziAOQ6yOQ5oC7XLxQ2KbboKAOtYcSPmw2DdcrGq5v9HO9-u-wXapwCG8tq1Nqoln2l0CWAmCTuF8XbQ7owOvwCoROt5 |
link.rule.ids | 314,780,784,27924,27925,41081,41523,42150,42592,52111,52234 |
linkProvider | Springer Nature |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV09T8MwELVQGcqCSgHxUcADG7XU2E4ds5WKqkDbqZW6Ra4diw6kiKQLv56zkxCBysASRbLlIXfney--e0bolpnAhAGzJOoLRjgTmqhAGgLImAuVBMr6y2Cms_54wZ-X4bJsCsuqavfqSNLv1HWzG0ADQSDHAP0FDkVg490Hj5Pu3oIFHXzvv05SvThXdj1FVJatMrvX-JmOaoz561jUZ5tRCx2WMBEPCrseob0kbaNm1UWctVGrLFyDSWV4HqPPoQfBvhoIq23-unHMHzwsXWdvXVxqpBY__3aMq9RggIPY1HVEeGOxWevcMXNX1nWPFdaQ97BXpXWjDwlQ4212ghajx_lwTMq7FYgGRpeTwFrOBe9ZCQTErqSOrDYrK0zA3KuNmAEfi4wTBBQ9HcKTSRspiFfqZJvYKWqkmzQ5Q1jJ0BqqhOu65ZQKZa3ifKV7gKwS4Hvn6K76xPF7IaER12LJziAxGCT2BonpOepUVojLcMpiwCROhIhJWKxbWaYe_nu1i_9Nv0HN8Xw6iSdPs5dLdEABwBT1Zh3UyD-2yRUAkHx17f3tCxU80Ys |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV09T8MwELVQkYAFlQKiUMADG7Xa2G6dsJVCVb4qBip1ixw7Fh1IK5Iu_HrOTkIAlYElsmTLQ-7se2ffe0bogmlP9zxmiN8XjHAmFJFeoAkgYy5k7EnjHoN5mvTHU34_682-sfhdtXt5JZlzGqxKU5J1ltp0KuIbwARBIN5AKgz5FIFNeNOGIuvpUzr42outvHp-x2z5RTQoaDPr5_gZmiq8-euK1EWeUR3tFpARD3Ib76GNOGmg7ZJRnDZQvShig0HFUt1HH0MHiF1lEJar7HVhTwHA25J5-tbGhV5qfhC4pl8mGgM0xLqqKcILg_VcZTZLtyVeV1hiBTEQO4Va23sdQ5q8Sg_QdHT7MhyT4p0FoiC7y4hnDOeCd00AyYiJAuUbpSMjtMds0_hMg7_52ooDiq7qwZcFxpewdqmVcGKHqJYskvgIYRn0jKZSWAYup1RIYyTnkeoCyooh92uiy_IXh8tcTiOshJOtQUIwSOgMEtImapVWCIullYaAT6wgEQtgsnZpmar779mO_zf8HG0934zCx7vJwwnaoYBl8tKzFqpl76v4FLBIFp05d_sETjzVxw |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Competitive+authoritarianism%2C+informational+authoritarianism%2C+and+the+development+of+dictatorship%3A+a+case+study+of+Belarus&rft.jtitle=Public+choice&rft.au=Evans%2C+Anthony+J.&rft.date=2024-03-01&rft.issn=0048-5829&rft.eissn=1573-7101&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11127-023-01132-2&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s11127_023_01132_2 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0048-5829&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0048-5829&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0048-5829&client=summon |