Review of the Forel–Ule Index based on in situ and remote sensing methods and application in water quality assessment

Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (R rs ), but this method is subject to the limitatio...

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Published inEnvironmental science and pollution research international Vol. 29; no. 9; pp. 13024 - 13041
Main Authors Ye, Miao, Sun, Yonghua
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2022
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
absorption
Algorithms
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
color
Color measurement
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Inland waters
Natural waters
Oceans
Oceans and Seas
Optical activity
Parameters
Quality assessment
Quality control
reflectance
Remote sensing
Remote Sensing Technology
Retrieval
Review Article
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water pollution
Water Pollution - analysis
Water Pollution Control
Water Quality
Water quality assessments
Hue angle
Forel–Ule scale
Forel–Ule Index
Remote sensing
Water quality
Water colour
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (R rs ), but this method is subject to the limitation that understanding local scatter and absorption characteristics of light is essential to precisely derive these parameters. Water colour primarily depends on water constituents and is traditionally gauged with the Forel–Ule (FU) scale. In recent years, R rs within the visible region has been considered to determine the Forel–Ule Index (FUI) for water colour measurement. The FUI exhibits the advantages of remote sensing and does not rely on local retrieval algorithms. Therefore, this index can characterise natural waters in a simple and globally effective manner. As there exists a lack of review articles on the FUI, we present a comprehensive review of this index that may help researchers progress. First, we introduce the most recent techniques for FUI measurement, especially remote sensing–deriving methods. Then, we summarise FUI applications in water quality assessment of oceans and inland waters. Finally, FUI development trends, challenges and application perspectives are examined.
AbstractList Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (R rs ), but this method is subject to the limitation that understanding local scatter and absorption characteristics of light is essential to precisely derive these parameters. Water colour primarily depends on water constituents and is traditionally gauged with the Forel–Ule (FU) scale. In recent years, R rs within the visible region has been considered to determine the Forel–Ule Index (FUI) for water colour measurement. The FUI exhibits the advantages of remote sensing and does not rely on local retrieval algorithms. Therefore, this index can characterise natural waters in a simple and globally effective manner. As there exists a lack of review articles on the FUI, we present a comprehensive review of this index that may help researchers progress. First, we introduce the most recent techniques for FUI measurement, especially remote sensing–deriving methods. Then, we summarise FUI applications in water quality assessment of oceans and inland waters. Finally, FUI development trends, challenges and application perspectives are examined.
Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (Rᵣₛ), but this method is subject to the limitation that understanding local scatter and absorption characteristics of light is essential to precisely derive these parameters. Water colour primarily depends on water constituents and is traditionally gauged with the Forel–Ule (FU) scale. In recent years, Rᵣₛ within the visible region has been considered to determine the Forel–Ule Index (FUI) for water colour measurement. The FUI exhibits the advantages of remote sensing and does not rely on local retrieval algorithms. Therefore, this index can characterise natural waters in a simple and globally effective manner. As there exists a lack of review articles on the FUI, we present a comprehensive review of this index that may help researchers progress. First, we introduce the most recent techniques for FUI measurement, especially remote sensing–deriving methods. Then, we summarise FUI applications in water quality assessment of oceans and inland waters. Finally, FUI development trends, challenges and application perspectives are examined.
Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), but this method is subject to the limitation that understanding local scatter and absorption characteristics of light is essential to precisely derive these parameters. Water colour primarily depends on water constituents and is traditionally gauged with the Forel-Ule (FU) scale. In recent years, Rrs within the visible region has been considered to determine the Forel-Ule Index (FUI) for water colour measurement. The FUI exhibits the advantages of remote sensing and does not rely on local retrieval algorithms. Therefore, this index can characterise natural waters in a simple and globally effective manner. As there exists a lack of review articles on the FUI, we present a comprehensive review of this index that may help researchers progress. First, we introduce the most recent techniques for FUI measurement, especially remote sensing-deriving methods. Then, we summarise FUI applications in water quality assessment of oceans and inland waters. Finally, FUI development trends, challenges and application perspectives are examined.Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), but this method is subject to the limitation that understanding local scatter and absorption characteristics of light is essential to precisely derive these parameters. Water colour primarily depends on water constituents and is traditionally gauged with the Forel-Ule (FU) scale. In recent years, Rrs within the visible region has been considered to determine the Forel-Ule Index (FUI) for water colour measurement. The FUI exhibits the advantages of remote sensing and does not rely on local retrieval algorithms. Therefore, this index can characterise natural waters in a simple and globally effective manner. As there exists a lack of review articles on the FUI, we present a comprehensive review of this index that may help researchers progress. First, we introduce the most recent techniques for FUI measurement, especially remote sensing-deriving methods. Then, we summarise FUI applications in water quality assessment of oceans and inland waters. Finally, FUI development trends, challenges and application perspectives are examined.
Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), but this method is subject to the limitation that understanding local scatter and absorption characteristics of light is essential to precisely derive these parameters. Water colour primarily depends on water constituents and is traditionally gauged with the Forel–Ule (FU) scale. In recent years, Rrs within the visible region has been considered to determine the Forel–Ule Index (FUI) for water colour measurement. The FUI exhibits the advantages of remote sensing and does not rely on local retrieval algorithms. Therefore, this index can characterise natural waters in a simple and globally effective manner. As there exists a lack of review articles on the FUI, we present a comprehensive review of this index that may help researchers progress. First, we introduce the most recent techniques for FUI measurement, especially remote sensing–deriving methods. Then, we summarise FUI applications in water quality assessment of oceans and inland waters. Finally, FUI development trends, challenges and application perspectives are examined.
Water pollution is considered an acute worldwide environmental issue. At present, the commonly adopted method of water quality characterisation involves the retrieval of optically active water quality parameters based on remote sensing reflectance (R ), but this method is subject to the limitation that understanding local scatter and absorption characteristics of light is essential to precisely derive these parameters. Water colour primarily depends on water constituents and is traditionally gauged with the Forel-Ule (FU) scale. In recent years, R within the visible region has been considered to determine the Forel-Ule Index (FUI) for water colour measurement. The FUI exhibits the advantages of remote sensing and does not rely on local retrieval algorithms. Therefore, this index can characterise natural waters in a simple and globally effective manner. As there exists a lack of review articles on the FUI, we present a comprehensive review of this index that may help researchers progress. First, we introduce the most recent techniques for FUI measurement, especially remote sensing-deriving methods. Then, we summarise FUI applications in water quality assessment of oceans and inland waters. Finally, FUI development trends, challenges and application perspectives are examined.
Author Ye, Miao
Sun, Yonghua
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  givenname: Miao
  surname: Ye
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  organization: College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Laboratory Cultivation Base of Environment Process and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University
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  givenname: Yonghua
  surname: Sun
  fullname: Sun, Yonghua
  email: syhua1982@163.com
  organization: College of Resources Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Laboratory Cultivation Base of Environment Process and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing Laboratory of Water Resources Security, Capital Normal University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048342$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
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IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 9
Keywords Hue angle
Forel–Ule scale
Forel–Ule Index
Remote sensing
Water quality
Water colour
Language English
License 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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SubjectTerms absorption
Algorithms
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
color
Color measurement
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental science
Inland waters
Natural waters
Oceans
Oceans and Seas
Optical activity
Parameters
Quality assessment
Quality control
reflectance
Remote sensing
Remote Sensing Technology
Retrieval
Review Article
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water pollution
Water Pollution - analysis
Water Pollution Control
Water Quality
Water quality assessments
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Title Review of the Forel–Ule Index based on in situ and remote sensing methods and application in water quality assessment
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