Attention But Not Awareness Modulates the BOLD Signal in the Human V1 During Binocular Suppression
Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we fo...
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 334; no. 6057; pp. 829 - 831 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Association for the Advancement of Science
11.11.2011
The American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0036-8075 1095-9203 1095-9203 |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.1203161 |
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| Abstract | Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (VI). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness. |
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| AbstractList | Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (V1). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness. Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (VI). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness. Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (V1). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness.Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (V1). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness. There has been a long-standing controversy of whether activity in the primary visual cortex is necessary for perceptual awareness. In human brain-imaging experiments, Watanabe et al. (p. 829) were able to dissociate perceptual awareness from simple attention. Awareness was manipulated in a binocular flash suppression paradigm, and attention was manipulated by using standard attentional instructions. Activity in the primary visual cortex varied little, whether a target was visible or not. However, activity in the human primary visual cortex varied when subjects attended to the target or ignored it. Thus, humans do not need primary visual cortical activity in order to be aware of seeing something. Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (V1). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Activity in the primary visual cortex is modulated by attention to an object, but not by whether the object is visible. Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally dissociated in the visual system. Using a two-by-two factorial functional magnetic resonance imaging design with binocular suppression, we found that the visibility or invisibility of a visual target led to only nonsignificant blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) effects in the human primary visual cortex (V1). Directing attention toward and away from the target had much larger and robust effects across all study participants. The difference in the lower-level limit of BOLD activation between attention and awareness illustrates dissociated neural correlates of the two processes. Our results agree with previously reported V1 BOLD effects on attention, while they invite a reconsideration of the functional role of V1 in visual awareness. |
| Author | Cheng, Kang Ueno, Kenichi Tanaka, Keiji Logothetis, Nikos Asamizuya, Takeshi Murayama, Yusuke Watanabe, Masataka |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Masataka surname: Watanabe fullname: Watanabe, Masataka – sequence: 2 givenname: Kang surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Kang – sequence: 3 givenname: Yusuke surname: Murayama fullname: Murayama, Yusuke – sequence: 4 givenname: Kenichi surname: Ueno fullname: Ueno, Kenichi – sequence: 5 givenname: Takeshi surname: Asamizuya fullname: Asamizuya, Takeshi – sequence: 6 givenname: Keiji surname: Tanaka fullname: Tanaka, Keiji – sequence: 7 givenname: Nikos surname: Logothetis fullname: Logothetis, Nikos |
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| Keywords | Human Visual cortex Awareness Suppression Central nervous system Cognition Experimental study Encephalon Visual pathway Functional magnetic resonance imaging Perception Binocular vision Visual attention |
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| Snippet | Although recent psychophysical studies indicate that visual awareness and top-down attention are two distinct processes, it is not clear how they are neurally... Activity in the primary visual cortex is modulated by attention to an object, but not by whether the object is visible. Although recent psychophysical studies... There has been a long-standing controversy of whether activity in the primary visual cortex is necessary for perceptual awareness. In human brain-imaging... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Anatomical correlates of behavior Attention Awareness Behavioral neuroscience Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences blood Brain Brain Mapping Eyes Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Mental stimulation Modulated signal processing Monoculars Neurology Oxygen - blood Oxygenation Perception Photic Stimulation Pixels Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Signal transduction Vision Vision, Ocular visual cortex Visual Cortex - physiology Visual Perception - physiology Young Adult |
| Title | Attention But Not Awareness Modulates the BOLD Signal in the Human V1 During Binocular Suppression |
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