Contributions of climate and human activities to changes in runoff of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers from 1950 to 2008
Runoffs in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, China, have been changing constantly during the last half century. In this paper, data from eight river gauging stations and 529 meteorological stations, inside and adjacent to the study basins, were analyzed and compared to quantify the hydrolog...
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| Published in | Science China. Earth sciences Vol. 56; no. 8; pp. 1398 - 1412 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Berlin/Heidelberg
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
01.08.2013
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Runoffs in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, China, have been changing constantly during the last half century. In this paper, data from eight river gauging stations and 529 meteorological stations, inside and adjacent to the study basins, were analyzed and compared to quantify the hydrological processes involved, and to evaluate the role of human activities in chang- ing river discharges. The Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to obtain climatic data coverage from station observations. According to the runoff coefficient equation, the effect of human activities and climate can be ex- pressed by changes in runoff coefficients and changes in precipitation, respectively. Annual runoff coefficients were calculated for the period 1950-2008, according to the correlation between respective hydrological series and regional precipitation. An- nual precipitation showed no obvious trend in the upper reaches of the Yellow River but a marked downward trend in the mid- dle and downstream reaches, with declines of 8.8 and 9.8 ram/10 a, respectively. All annual runoff series for the Yellow River basin showed a significant downward trend. Runoff declined by about 7.8 mm/10 a at Sanmenxia and 10.8 ram/10 a at Lijin. The series results indicated that an abrupt change occurred in the late 1980s to early 1990s. The trend of correlations between annual runoff and precipitation decreased significantly at the Yellow River stations, with rates ranging from 0.013/10 a to 0.019/10 a. For the hydrologic series, all precipitation series showed a downward trend in the Yangtze River basin with de- clines ranging from about 24.7 mm/10 a at Cuntan to 18.2 mm/10 a at Datong. Annual runoff series for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River decreased significantly, at rates ranging from 9.9 to 7.2 mm/10 a. In the middle and lower reaches, the run- off series showed no significant trend, with rates of change ranging from 2.1 to 2.9 ram/10 a. Human activities had the greatest influence on changes in the hydrological series of runoff, regardless of whether the effect was negative or positive. During 1970-2008, human activities contributed to 83% of the reduction in runoff in the Yellow River basin, and to 71% of the in- crease in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, the impacts of human activities across the entire basin increased over time. In the 2000s, the impact of human activities exceeded that of climate change and was responsible for 84% of the decrease and 73% of the increase in runoff in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, respectively. The average annual runoff from 1980 to 2008 fell by about 97%, 83%, 83%, and 91%, compared with 1951-1969, at the Yellow River stations Lanzhou, San- menxia, Huayuankou and Lijin, respectively. Most of the reduction in runoff was caused by human activities. Changes in pre- cipitation also caused reductions in runoff of about 3%, 17%, 17%, and 9% at these four stations, respectively. Falling precipi- tation rates were the main explanation for runoff changes at the Yangtze River stations Cuntan, Yichang, Hankou, and Datong, causing reductions in runoff of 89%, 74%, 43%, and 35%, respectively. Underlying surface changes caused decreases in runoff in the Yellow River basin and increases in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Runoff decreased in arid areas as a result of in- creased water usage, but increased in humid and sub-humid areas as a result of land reclamation and mass urbanization leading to decreases in evaporation and infiltration. |
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| AbstractList | Runoffs in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, China, have been changing constantly during the last half century. In this paper, data from eight river gauging stations and 529 meteorological stations, inside and adjacent to the study basins, were analyzed and compared to quantify the hydrological processes involved, and to evaluate the role of human activities in changing river discharges. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to obtain climatic data coverage from station observations. According to the runoff coefficient equation, the effect of human activities and climate can be expressed by changes in runoff coefficients and changes in precipitation, respectively. Annual runoff coefficients were calculated for the period 1950–2008, according to the correlation between respective hydrological series and regional precipitation. Annual precipitation showed no obvious trend in the upper reaches of the Yellow River but a marked downward trend in the middle and downstream reaches, with declines of 8.8 and 9.8 mm/10 a, respectively. All annual runoff series for the Yellow River basin showed a significant downward trend. Runoff declined by about 7.8 mm/10 a at Sanmenxia and 10.8 mm/10 a at Lijin. The series results indicated that an abrupt change occurred in the late 1980s to early 1990s. The trend of correlations between annual runoff and precipitation decreased significantly at the Yellow River stations, with rates ranging from 0.013/10 a to 0.019/10 a. For the hydrologic series, all precipitation series showed a downward trend in the Yangtze River basin with declines ranging from about 24.7 mm/10 a at Cuntan to 18.2 mm/10 a at Datong. Annual runoff series for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River decreased significantly, at rates ranging from 9.9 to 7.2 mm/10 a. In the middle and lower reaches, the runoff series showed no significant trend, with rates of change ranging from 2.1 to 2.9 mm/10 a. Human activities had the greatest influence on changes in the hydrological series of runoff, regardless of whether the effect was negative or positive. During 1970–2008, human activities contributed to 83% of the reduction in runoff in the Yellow River basin, and to 71% of the increase in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, the impacts of human activities across the entire basin increased over time. In the 2000s, the impact of human activities exceeded that of climate change and was responsible for 84% of the decrease and 73% of the increase in runoff in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, respectively. The average annual runoff from 1980 to 2008 fell by about 97%, 83%, 83%, and 91%, compared with 1951–1969, at the Yellow River stations Lanzhou, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin, respectively. Most of the reduction in runoff was caused by human activities. Changes in precipitation also caused reductions in runoff of about 3%, 17%, 17%, and 9% at these four stations, respectively. Falling precipitation rates were the main explanation for runoff changes at the Yangtze River stations Cuntan, Yichang, Hankou, and Datong, causing reductions in runoff of 89%, 74%, 43%, and 35%, respectively. Underlying surface changes caused decreases in runoff in the Yellow River basin and increases in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Runoff decreased in arid areas as a result of increased water usage, but increased in humid and sub-humid areas as a result of land reclamation and mass urbanization leading to decreases in evaporation and infiltration. Runoffs in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, China, have been changing constantly during the last half century. In this paper, data from eight river gauging stations and 529 meteorological stations, inside and adjacent to the study basins, were analyzed and compared to quantify the hydrological processes involved, and to evaluate the role of human activities in changing river discharges. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to obtain climatic data coverage from station observations. According to the runoff coefficient equation, the effect of human activities and climate can be expressed by changes in runoff coefficients and changes in precipitation, respectively. Annual runoff coefficients were calculated for the period 1950-2008, according to the correlation between respective hydrological series and regional precipitation. Annual precipitation showed no obvious trend in the upper reaches of the Yellow River but a marked downward trend in the middle and downstream reaches, with declines of 8.8 and 9.8 mm/10 a, respectively. All annual runoff series for the Yellow River basin showed a significant downward trend. Runoff declined by about 7.8 mm/10 a at Sanmenxia and 10.8 mm/10 a at Lijin. The series results indicated that an abrupt change occurred in the late 1980s to early 1990s. The trend of correlations between annual runoff and precipitation decreased significantly at the Yellow River stations, with rates ranging from 0.013/10 a to 0.019/10 a. For the hydrologic series, all precipitation series showed a downward trend in the Yangtze River basin with declines ranging from about 24.7 mm/10 a at Cuntan to 18.2 mm/10 a at Datong. Annual runoff series for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River decreased significantly, at rates ranging from 9.9 to 7.2 mm/10 a. In the middle and lower reaches, the runoff series showed no significant trend, with rates of change ranging from 2.1 to 2.9 mm/10 a. Human activities had the greatest influence on changes in the hydrological series of runoff, regardless of whether the effect was negative or positive. During 1970-2008, human activities contributed to 83% of the reduction in runoff in the Yellow River basin, and to 71% of the increase in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, the impacts of human activities across the entire basin increased over time. In the 2000s, the impact of human activities exceeded that of climate change and was responsible for 84% of the decrease and 73% of the increase in runoff in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, respectively. The average annual runoff from 1980 to 2008 fell by about 97%, 83%, 83%, and 91%, compared with 1951-1969, at the Yellow River stations Lanzhou, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin, respectively. Most of the reduction in runoff was caused by human activities. Changes in precipitation also caused reductions in runoff of about 3%, 17%, 17%, and 9% at these four stations, respectively. Falling precipitation rates were the main explanation for runoff changes at the Yangtze River stations Cuntan, Yichang, Hankou, and Datong, causing reductions in runoff of 89%, 74%, 43%, and 35%, respectively. Underlying surface changes caused decreases in runoff in the Yellow River basin and increases in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Runoff decreased in arid areas as a result of increased water usage, but increased in humid and sub-humid areas as a result of land reclamation and mass urbanization leading to decreases in evaporation and infiltration.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Runoffs in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, China, have been changing constantly during the last half century. In this paper, data from eight river gauging stations and 529 meteorological stations, inside and adjacent to the study basins, were analyzed and compared to quantify the hydrological processes involved, and to evaluate the role of human activities in chang- ing river discharges. The Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to obtain climatic data coverage from station observations. According to the runoff coefficient equation, the effect of human activities and climate can be ex- pressed by changes in runoff coefficients and changes in precipitation, respectively. Annual runoff coefficients were calculated for the period 1950-2008, according to the correlation between respective hydrological series and regional precipitation. An- nual precipitation showed no obvious trend in the upper reaches of the Yellow River but a marked downward trend in the mid- dle and downstream reaches, with declines of 8.8 and 9.8 ram/10 a, respectively. All annual runoff series for the Yellow River basin showed a significant downward trend. Runoff declined by about 7.8 mm/10 a at Sanmenxia and 10.8 ram/10 a at Lijin. The series results indicated that an abrupt change occurred in the late 1980s to early 1990s. The trend of correlations between annual runoff and precipitation decreased significantly at the Yellow River stations, with rates ranging from 0.013/10 a to 0.019/10 a. For the hydrologic series, all precipitation series showed a downward trend in the Yangtze River basin with de- clines ranging from about 24.7 mm/10 a at Cuntan to 18.2 mm/10 a at Datong. Annual runoff series for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River decreased significantly, at rates ranging from 9.9 to 7.2 mm/10 a. In the middle and lower reaches, the run- off series showed no significant trend, with rates of change ranging from 2.1 to 2.9 ram/10 a. Human activities had the greatest influence on changes in the hydrological series of runoff, regardless of whether the effect was negative or positive. During 1970-2008, human activities contributed to 83% of the reduction in runoff in the Yellow River basin, and to 71% of the in- crease in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, the impacts of human activities across the entire basin increased over time. In the 2000s, the impact of human activities exceeded that of climate change and was responsible for 84% of the decrease and 73% of the increase in runoff in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, respectively. The average annual runoff from 1980 to 2008 fell by about 97%, 83%, 83%, and 91%, compared with 1951-1969, at the Yellow River stations Lanzhou, San- menxia, Huayuankou and Lijin, respectively. Most of the reduction in runoff was caused by human activities. Changes in pre- cipitation also caused reductions in runoff of about 3%, 17%, 17%, and 9% at these four stations, respectively. Falling precipi- tation rates were the main explanation for runoff changes at the Yangtze River stations Cuntan, Yichang, Hankou, and Datong, causing reductions in runoff of 89%, 74%, 43%, and 35%, respectively. Underlying surface changes caused decreases in runoff in the Yellow River basin and increases in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Runoff decreased in arid areas as a result of in- creased water usage, but increased in humid and sub-humid areas as a result of land reclamation and mass urbanization leading to decreases in evaporation and infiltration. |
| Author | WANG Yan DING YongJian YE BaiSheng LIU FengJing WANG Jie |
| AuthorAffiliation | The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaLanzhou 730000 Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science and Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri 65010, USA Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Research Institute,China Kunming 650228 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yan email: yanwang0112@gamil.com organization: The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: YongJian surname: Ding fullname: Ding, YongJian organization: The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: BaiSheng surname: Ye fullname: Ye, BaiSheng organization: The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 4 givenname: FengJing surname: Liu fullname: Liu, FengJing organization: Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science and Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University – sequence: 5 givenname: Jie surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jie organization: The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 6 givenname: Jie surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jie organization: The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Research Institute |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 |
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| DOI | 10.1007/s11430-012-4505-1 |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Contributions of climate and human activities to changes in runoff of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers from 1950 to 2008 |
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| IEDL.DBID | U2A |
| ISSN | 1674-7313 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 11 08:11:12 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 08:17:32 EDT 2025 Sat Jul 26 01:26:05 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:28:11 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:01:21 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:32:50 EST 2025 Wed Feb 14 10:43:01 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 8 |
| Keywords | precipitation runoff coefficients runoff human activity climate change Yellow River Yangtze River |
| Language | English |
| License | http://www.springer.com/tdm |
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| Notes | precipitation, runoff, climate change, human activity, Yellow River, Yangtze River, runoff coefficients 11-5843/P Runoffs in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, China, have been changing constantly during the last half century. In this paper, data from eight river gauging stations and 529 meteorological stations, inside and adjacent to the study basins, were analyzed and compared to quantify the hydrological processes involved, and to evaluate the role of human activities in chang- ing river discharges. The Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to obtain climatic data coverage from station observations. According to the runoff coefficient equation, the effect of human activities and climate can be ex- pressed by changes in runoff coefficients and changes in precipitation, respectively. Annual runoff coefficients were calculated for the period 1950-2008, according to the correlation between respective hydrological series and regional precipitation. An- nual precipitation showed no obvious trend in the upper reaches of the Yellow River but a marked downward trend in the mid- dle and downstream reaches, with declines of 8.8 and 9.8 ram/10 a, respectively. All annual runoff series for the Yellow River basin showed a significant downward trend. Runoff declined by about 7.8 mm/10 a at Sanmenxia and 10.8 ram/10 a at Lijin. The series results indicated that an abrupt change occurred in the late 1980s to early 1990s. The trend of correlations between annual runoff and precipitation decreased significantly at the Yellow River stations, with rates ranging from 0.013/10 a to 0.019/10 a. For the hydrologic series, all precipitation series showed a downward trend in the Yangtze River basin with de- clines ranging from about 24.7 mm/10 a at Cuntan to 18.2 mm/10 a at Datong. Annual runoff series for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River decreased significantly, at rates ranging from 9.9 to 7.2 mm/10 a. In the middle and lower reaches, the run- off series showed no significant trend, with rates of change ranging from 2.1 to 2.9 ram/10 a. Human activities had the greatest influence on changes in the hydrological series of runoff, regardless of whether the effect was negative or positive. During 1970-2008, human activities contributed to 83% of the reduction in runoff in the Yellow River basin, and to 71% of the in- crease in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Moreover, the impacts of human activities across the entire basin increased over time. In the 2000s, the impact of human activities exceeded that of climate change and was responsible for 84% of the decrease and 73% of the increase in runoff in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, respectively. The average annual runoff from 1980 to 2008 fell by about 97%, 83%, 83%, and 91%, compared with 1951-1969, at the Yellow River stations Lanzhou, San- menxia, Huayuankou and Lijin, respectively. Most of the reduction in runoff was caused by human activities. Changes in pre- cipitation also caused reductions in runoff of about 3%, 17%, 17%, and 9% at these four stations, respectively. Falling precipi- tation rates were the main explanation for runoff changes at the Yangtze River stations Cuntan, Yichang, Hankou, and Datong, causing reductions in runoff of 89%, 74%, 43%, and 35%, respectively. Underlying surface changes caused decreases in runoff in the Yellow River basin and increases in runoff in the Yangtze River basin. Runoff decreased in arid areas as a result of in- creased water usage, but increased in humid and sub-humid areas as a result of land reclamation and mass urbanization leading to decreases in evaporation and infiltration. WANG Yan, DING YongJian, YE BaiSheng, LIU FengJing, WANG Jie ＆ WANG Jie The State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2 Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science and Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri 65010, USA; 3 Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Research Institute, Kunming 650228, China SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 1415569011 |
| PQPubID | 54336 |
| PageCount | 15 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1642326859 proquest_miscellaneous_1427007865 proquest_journals_1415569011 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s11430_012_4505_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11430_012_4505_1 springer_journals_10_1007_s11430_012_4505_1 chongqing_primary_46784134 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2013-08-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2013-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2013 text: 2013-08-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Berlin/Heidelberg |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Berlin/Heidelberg – name: Dordrecht |
| PublicationTitle | Science China. Earth sciences |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Sci. China Earth Sci |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences |
| PublicationYear | 2013 |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Springer Berlin Heidelberg – name: Springer Nature B.V |
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| Snippet | Runoffs in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, China, have been changing constantly during the last half century. In this paper, data from eight river... |
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| SubjectTerms | Annual runoff Climate change Climatic data Discharge measurement Earth and Environmental Science Earth science Earth Sciences Evaporation Freshwater Gaging stations Human influences Humid areas Hydrology Land reclamation Precipitation Research Paper River basins Rivers Runoff Runoff coefficient Stations Stream discharge Trends Urbanization Water use 人类活动 半湿润地区 年径流系列 径流系数 气候变化 气象观测站 长江流域 黄河流域 |
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| Title | Contributions of climate and human activities to changes in runoff of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers from 1950 to 2008 |
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