Tomato Powder Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation Potentially Through Restoring SIRT1 Activity and Adiponectin Function Independent of Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes in Mice

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 62; no. 8; pp. e1700738 - n/a
• Main Authors: Li, Cheng‐Chung, Liu, Chun, Fu, Maobin, Hu, Kang‐Quan, Aizawa, Koichi, Takahashi, Shingo, Hiroyuki, Suganuma, Cheng, Junrui, Lintig, Johannes, Wang, Xiang‐Dong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2018
• Subjects: Abundance; Adiponectin; Adiponectin - agonists; Adiponectin - blood; Adiponectin - genetics; Adiponectin - metabolism; Adipose tissue; AMP; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use; Bacteria; beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - genetics; beta-Carotene 15,15'-Monooxygenase - metabolism; Biological activity; Biomarkers - blood; Biomarkers - metabolism; Carotene; Carotenoids; Cecum; Cleavage; Clostridium; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dioxygenases - genetics; Dioxygenases - metabolism; DNA; DNA sequencing; Dysbiosis - immunology; Dysbiosis - metabolism; Dysbiosis - microbiology; Dysbiosis - prevention & control; Enzymes; Fatty acids; Fatty liver; Feces - microbiology; Feeding; Fruit - chemistry; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene sequencing; High fat diet; IL-1β; Inflammation; Intestinal microflora; Intra-Abdominal Fat - immunology; Intra-Abdominal Fat - metabolism; Intra-Abdominal Fat - pathology; Kinases; Lipid Metabolism; Lipogenesis; Liver; Liver - immunology; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Liver diseases; Lycopene; Lycopene - therapeutic use; Lycopersicon esculentum - chemistry; Male; Metabolites; Mice; Mice, Knockout; microbiome; Microbiomes; Microorganisms; Nicotinamide; Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - immunology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - microbiology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - prevention & control; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Oxidation; Oxygenase; Phosphoribosyltransferase; Phosphorylation; Protein kinase; Receptors, Adiponectin - agonists; Receptors, Adiponectin - genetics; Receptors, Adiponectin - metabolism; Relative abundance; Rodents; sirtuin 1; Sirtuin 1 - chemistry; Sirtuin 1 - metabolism; Tomatoes; sirtuin 1; adiponectin; tomatoes; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; microbiome
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700738

Scope Beta‐carotene‐15,15′‐oxygenase (BCO1) and beta‐carotene‐9′,10′‐oxygenase (BCO2) metabolize lycopene to biologically active metabolites, which can ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigate the effects of tomato powder (TP containing substantial lycopene (2.3 mg/g)) on NAFLD development and gut microbiome in the absence of both BCO1 and BCO2 in mice. Method and results BCO1−/−/BCO2−/− double knockout mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) alone (n = 9) or with TP feeding (n = 9) for 24 weeks. TP feeding significantly reduced pathological severity of steatosis and hepatic triglyceride levels in BCO1−/−/BCO2−/− mice (p < 0.04 vs HFD alone). This was associated with increased SIRT1 activity, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression and AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and subsequently decreased lipogenesis, hepatic fatty acid uptake, and increasing fatty acid β‐oxidation (p < 0.05). TP feeding significantly decreased mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes (tnf‐α, il‐1β, and il‐6) in both liver and mesenteric adipose tissue, which were associated with increased plasma adiponectin and hepatic adiponectin receptor‐2. Multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from cecum fecal samples. TP feeding increased microbial richness and decreased relative abundance of the genus Clostridium. Conclusion Dietary TP can inhibit NAFLD independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, potentially through increasing SIRT1 activity and adiponectin production and decreasing Clostridium abundance. One of the consequences of the obesity epidemic is an increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study demonstrates that dietary TP effectively inhibits high fat diet (HFD)‐induced NAFLD independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes.