Actions of Retinoic Acid in the Pathophysiology of HIV Infection

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 14; no. 8; p. 1611
• Main Authors: Sidell, Neil, Kane, Maureen A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.04.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antiretroviral drugs; Cytotoxicity; Dehydrogenases; Diet; Disease; Enzymes; HIV; HIV Infections - drug therapy; Homeostasis; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immune system; Immunity, Mucosal; Infections; Metabolism; Metabolites; Plasma; Radiation; Review; Small intestine; Tretinoin - metabolism; Tretinoin - pharmacology; Virus Replication; Vitamin A; Vitamin A - pharmacology; retinoic acid; HIV; immune regulation; retinoids; mucosal immunity

The vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) plays a key role in tissue homeostasis and mucosal immunity. RA is produced by gut-associated dendritic cells, which are among the first cells encountered by HIV. Acute HIV infection results in rapid reduction of RA levels and dysregulation of im...