Improvement of the unconfined compressive strength of 3D-printed model rock via silica sand functionalization using silane coupling agents
Model rock is being explored for use in geotechnical research due to the ability to customize the design and production of specimens for a variety of testing techniques. However, a current limitation of model rock manufacture is that the mechanical properties are not similar enough to natural rock,...
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| Published in | International journal of adhesion and adhesives Vol. 85; pp. 274 - 280 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.10.2018
Elsevier BV |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Model rock is being explored for use in geotechnical research due to the ability to customize the design and production of specimens for a variety of testing techniques. However, a current limitation of model rock manufacture is that the mechanical properties are not similar enough to natural rock, such as Berea sandstone. In this study, silane coupling agents (SCAs) were used to functionalize the surface of silica sand to test the feasibility of increasing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of model rock fabricated using furfuryl alcohol as a binder. Observations of the wetting angle of furfuryl alcohol on functionalized glass slides and the adhesive strength on steel tensile stubs were used to select possible candidates for UCS sample fabrication. UCS testing of samples fabricated with bare and functionalized silica sand showed that there is a significant improvement of the UCS of model rock when (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is used to functionalize the sand prior to fabrication. The following study provides a possible approach to increase the UCS of model rock via SCAs, providing a strength closer to natural rock for geotechnical testing. |
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| AbstractList | Model rock is being explored for use in geotechnical research due to the ability to customize the design and production of specimens for a variety of testing techniques. However, a current limitation of model rock manufacture is that the mechanical properties are not similar enough to natural rock, such as Berea sandstone. In this study, silane coupling agents (SCAs) were used to functionalize the surface of silica sand to test the feasibility of increasing the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of model rock fabricated using furfuryl alcohol as a binder. Observations of the wetting angle of furfuryl alcohol on functionalized glass slides and the adhesive strength on steel tensile stubs were used to select possible candidates for UCS sample fabrication. UCS testing of samples fabricated with bare and functionalized silica sand showed that there is a significant improvement of the UCS of model rock when (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is used to functionalize the sand prior to fabrication. The following study provides a possible approach to increase the UCS of model rock via SCAs, providing a strength closer to natural rock for geotechnical testing. |
| Author | Hodder, Kevin J. Nychka, John A. Chalaturnyk, Rick J. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kevin J. surname: Hodder fullname: Hodder, Kevin J. email: kjhodder@ualberta.ca organization: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9 – sequence: 2 givenname: John A. surname: Nychka fullname: Nychka, John A. organization: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9 – sequence: 3 givenname: Rick J. surname: Chalaturnyk fullname: Chalaturnyk, Rick J. organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9 |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s40964-018-0042-6 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.11.075 10.1021/jp103907c 10.1016/0022-3093(75)90095-2 10.1039/tf9444000546 10.1006/jcis.2000.7224 10.1007/s10064-013-0505-4 10.1520/GTJ10279J 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80242-9 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.02.003 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.5.470 10.1016/0148-9062(72)90030-7 10.1021/bk-1989-0385.ch029 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.004 10.1007/3-540-08389-8_6 10.3390/polym8110396 10.1021/ma951522f 10.1016/0033-0655(87)80003-1 10.1520/GTJ10099J |
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| Keywords | silanization contact angles Surface treatment silica sand |
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longitudinal and transverse pulse velocities, unconfined compressive strength, uniaxial modulus, and splitting tensile strength publication-title: Geotech Test J doi: 10.1520/GTJ10279J contributor: fullname: Pincus – volume: 54 start-page: 33 year: 1971 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib14 article-title: A study of furfuryl alcohol resin components by gel permeation chromatography publication-title: J Chromatogr doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)80242-9 contributor: fullname: Wallon – volume: 4 start-page: 149 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib6 article-title: 3D printed sandstone strength: curing of furfuryl alcohol resin-based sandstone, 3D print publication-title: Addit Manuf contributor: fullname: Primkulov – volume: 38 start-page: 1232 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib17 article-title: Surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles for development of organic-inorganic nanocomposites - A review publication-title: Prog Polym Sci doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.02.003 contributor: fullname: Kango – volume: 50 start-page: 470 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib27 article-title: Chemically activated furfuryl alcohol-based wood adhesives. 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The role of furfuryl alcohol publication-title: Holzforschung. doi: 10.1515/hfsg.1996.50.5.470 contributor: fullname: Dao – volume: 9 start-page: 669 year: 1972 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib1 article-title: The point-load strength test publication-title: Int J Rock Mech Min Sci doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(72)90030-7 contributor: fullname: Broch – ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib11 doi: 10.1021/bk-1989-0385.ch029 – volume: 129 start-page: 48 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib16 article-title: Effects of silanes and silane derivatives on cement hydration and mechanical properties of mortars publication-title: Constr Build Mater doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.004 contributor: fullname: Feng – volume: 25 start-page: 47 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib30 article-title: The behavior of furan derivatives in polymerization reactions publication-title: Adv Polym Sci doi: 10.1007/3-540-08389-8_6 contributor: fullname: Gandini – volume: 82 start-page: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib20 article-title: Semiconductor-half metal transition at the Fe3O4(001) surface upon hydrogen adsorption publication-title: Phys Rev B Condens Matter Mater Phys contributor: fullname: Parkinson – ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib8 – volume: 8 start-page: 396 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib28 article-title: Sustainable phenolic fractions as basis for furfuryl alcohol-based co-polymers and their use as wood adhesives publication-title: Polymers. doi: 10.3390/polym8110396 contributor: fullname: Luckeneder – volume: 29 start-page: 3839 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib13 article-title: Acid-catalyzed polycondensation of furfuryl alcohol: mechanisms of chromophore formation and cross-linking publication-title: Macromolecules doi: 10.1021/ma951522f contributor: fullname: Choura – ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib7 – volume: 15 start-page: 125 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib19 article-title: Surface characterization of iron and steel prior to coating publication-title: Prog Org Coat doi: 10.1016/0033-0655(87)80003-1 contributor: fullname: Reinhard – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib4 contributor: fullname: Hodder – volume: 17 start-page: 256 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001_bib3 article-title: Addendum to interlaboratory testing program for rock properties, round one publication-title: Geotech Test J doi: 10.1520/GTJ10099J contributor: fullname: Pincus |
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| SubjectTerms | 3-D printers Adhesive strength Compressive strength contact angles Coupling agents Furfuryl alcohol Geotechnical engineering Inorganic chemistry Mechanical properties Rocks Sand Sandstone silanization Silica silica sand Silicon dioxide Surface treatment Tensile strength Three dimensional models Three dimensional printing |
| Title | Improvement of the unconfined compressive strength of 3D-printed model rock via silica sand functionalization using silane coupling agents |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2018.07.001 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2112644117 |
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