Liver Bridging Techniques in the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure

The introduction of orthotopic liver transplantation in the management of acute liver failure has dramatically increased the survival rates of patients at the cost of removing the patient's native liver and life-long dependence on immunosuppression. However, it is well known that in many patien...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of investigative surgery Vol. 13; no. 6; pp. 299 - 311
Main Author Daniel Palmes, Karim A. Qayumi, Hans-Ullrich Spiegel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Informa UK Ltd 2000
Taylor & Francis
Subjects
Hepatocytes - transplantation
Humans
Liver Bridging Auxiliary Liver Transplantation Artificial Liver Support Hepatocyte Transplantation
Liver Failure, Acute - surgery
Liver Failure, Acute - therapy
Liver Regeneration - physiology
Liver, Artificial
Recovery of Function - physiology
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract The introduction of orthotopic liver transplantation in the management of acute liver failure has dramatically increased the survival rates of patients at the cost of removing the patient's native liver and life-long dependence on immunosuppression. However, it is well known that in many patients with acute liver failure the diseased liver has the potential to recover. Death in these patients is often due to increased intra-cranial pressure or infection. Liver bridging techniques are assigned to temporarily provide liver function and enable the native liver to recover in patients with acute liver failure. They represent an attractive alternative to conventional liver transplantation in the management of acute liver failure, since after recovery of the native liver the patient is freed from immuno-suppression with all associated side-effects and risks. Auxiliary liver transplantation, artificial liver support devices and hepatocyte transplantation represent different ways of bridging liver function in acute liver failure. The aim of this review is to present the ideas and principles of these three different liver bridging techniques. We will discuss the relative importance and the future potential of theses bridging techniques in the treatment of acute liver failure by comparing the experimental and clinical results.
AbstractList The introduction of orthotopic liver transplantation in the management of acute liver failure has dramatically increased the survival rates of patients at the cost of removing the patient's native liver and life-long dependence on immunosuppression. However, it is well known that in many patients with acute liver failure the diseased liver has the potential to recover. Death in these patients is often due to increased intra-cranial pressure or infection. Liver bridging techniques are assigned to temporarily provide liver function and enable the native liver to recover in patients with acute liver failure. They represent an attractive alternative to conventional liver transplantation in the management of acute liver failure, since after recovery of the native liver the patient is freed from immuno-suppression with all associated side-effects and risks. Auxiliary liver transplantation, artificial liver support devices and hepatocyte transplantation represent different ways of bridging liver function in acute liver failure. The aim of this review is to present the ideas and principles of these three different liver bridging techniques. We will discuss the relative importance and the future potential of theses bridging techniques in the treatment of acute liver failure by comparing the experimental and clinical results.
Author Daniel Palmes, Karim A. Qayumi, Hans-Ullrich Spiegel
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  surname: Daniel Palmes, Karim A. Qayumi, Hans-Ullrich Spiegel
  fullname: Daniel Palmes, Karim A. Qayumi, Hans-Ullrich Spiegel
  organization: 1Dept. of General Surgery-Surgical Research, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11202006$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kM9LwzAYhoNMdFP_AQ_Sk7fqlyZpG9DDHP6CgZd5Dln61UXaRJNW2X9vxwYiwk7f5Xnf7-WZkJHzDgk5p3BFoYRrKCWnkgEUAkBIxtkBGVOR0RSEYCMy3gDpQMhjMonxHQAyLtkROaY0gwwgH5Pp3H5hSO6Crd6se0sWaFbOfvYYE-uSboXJIqDuWnRd4utkavoOk23mQdumD3hKDmvdRDzb3RPy-nC_mD2l85fH59l0nhoOeZdKXvAS64yLsoKyBsbLAllhSg3cDHuoWOYy13mFckmXJjcoBc9BcORaYG3YCbnc9n4Ev9nXqdZGg02jHfo-qiITTAgKA5htQRN8jAFr9RFsq8NaUVAbceq_uCF0sWvvly1Wv5GdqQG43QLW1T60-tuHplKdXjc-1EE7Y6Niex_c_MmvUDfdyuiA6t33wQ3q9u37AW_ZjjU
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0058738
crossref_primary_10_1034_j_1600_0676_2002_01554_x
crossref_primary_10_1177_175114371101200310
crossref_primary_10_3109_08941939_2013_879967
crossref_primary_10_3748_wjg_v7_i6_826
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0142_9612_03_00508_8
crossref_primary_10_1016_S0142_9612_03_00509_X
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_transproceed_2004_09_021
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_transproceed_2003_10_022
crossref_primary_10_1016_S2173_5077_10_70002_8
Cites_doi 10.1080/004982598239074
10.1007/PL00002589
10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80202-5
10.1055/s-2007-1007093
10.1002/lt.500010311
10.1055/s-2007-1007094
10.1016/S0140-6736(74)90678-3
10.1089/hum.1994.5.8-959
10.1001/archinte.1973.03650100017004
10.1097/00007890-199702270-00014
10.1016/S0140-6736(77)90001-0
10.1159/000127946
10.1055/s-2007-1007254
10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02456.x
10.1038/nm0197-48
10.1097/00042737-199909000-00006
10.1089/hum.1992.3.5-501
10.1055/s-2007-1007096
10.1016/S0140-6736(73)91220-8
10.1055/s-2007-1007097
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2000 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted 2000
Copyright_xml – notice: 2000 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted 2000
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
DOI 10.1080/089419300750059343
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList

MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 1521-0553
EndPage 311
ExternalDocumentID 10_1080_089419300750059343
11202006
11251535
Genre Research Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Review
GroupedDBID ---
.4L
.GJ
00X
03L
0BK
0R~
0YH
29K
34G
36B
39C
4.4
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
AAJNR
AALIY
AALUX
AAMIU
AAPUL
AAPXX
AAQRR
ABBKH
ABDBF
ABEIZ
ABLKL
ABPTK
ABUPF
ABWCV
ABZEW
ACENM
ACFUF
ACGEJ
ACGFS
ACKZS
ACLSK
ADCVX
ADFCX
ADFOM
ADFZZ
ADRBQ
ADXPE
AECIN
AEIIZ
AENEX
AEOZL
AEYQI
AFKVX
AFLEI
AFWLO
AGDLA
AGFJD
AGRBW
AIJEM
AIRBT
AJVHN
AJWEG
AKBVH
ALIIL
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALQZU
AMDAE
AWYRJ
BABNJ
BLEHA
BOHLJ
BRMBE
CAG
CCCUG
COF
CS3
CYYVM
CZDIS
D-I
DKSSO
DRXRE
DU5
DWTOO
EAP
EAS
EBB
EBC
EBD
EBS
EBX
EHL
EHN
EJD
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
EPL
EPT
EST
ESX
F5P
GROUPED_DOAJ
H13
HZ~
JENTW
KRBQP
KSSTO
KWAYT
KYCEM
LJTGL
O9-
P2P
QQXMO
Q~Q
RNANH
RVRKI
SV3
TFDNU
TFL
TFW
TUS
UEQFS
V1S
ZGI
~1N
AAORF
ABJNI
ABLIJ
ABXYU
AGYJP
ALYBC
B0M
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
NUSFT
TBQAZ
TDBHL
TERGH
TUROJ
AAYXX
CITATION
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-94748ef2458d08f03487e37c8a04c11215b696a6de9b1bc6ce9546054e4a5efc3
ISSN 0894-1939
IngestDate Sat Aug 17 00:49:53 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 26 19:53:01 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:35:04 EDT 2024
Tue Jun 13 19:27:37 EDT 2023
Wed Jun 21 01:49:10 EDT 2023
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 6
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c406t-94748ef2458d08f03487e37c8a04c11215b696a6de9b1bc6ce9546054e4a5efc3
Notes ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
PMID 11202006
PQID 72535510
PQPubID 23479
PageCount 13
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_72535510
crossref_primary_10_1080_089419300750059343
pubmed_primary_11202006
informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_089419300750059343
informahealthcare_journals_10_1080_089419300750059343
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2000-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2000-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2000
  text: 2000-00-00
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace United States
PublicationPlace_xml – name: United States
PublicationTitle Journal of investigative surgery
PublicationTitleAlternate J Invest Surg
PublicationYear 2000
Publisher Informa UK Ltd
Taylor & Francis
Publisher_xml – name: Informa UK Ltd
– name: Taylor & Francis
References Grompe M (CIT0026) 1999; 19
Fischer L (CIT0020) 1999; 11
Ebata H (CIT0015)
Ellis AJ (CIT0017)
Rozga J (CIT0053)
Chen SC (CIT0011)
van Hoek B (CIT0064) 1999; 30
Riordan SM (CIT0052)
Sussman NL (CIT0061) 1992; 16
Bader A (CIT0005) 1998; 28
CIT0039
Hamaguchi H (CIT0035)
Hess F (CIT0037) 1977; 9
Farges O (CIT0019)
Habibullah CM (CIT0034)
Arnaout WS (CIT0003)
Dowling DJ (CIT0014)
Jr Shaw BW (CIT0055) 1995; 1
Gubernatis G (CIT0028) 1996; 113
Sommer BG (CIT0057) 1979; 11
Gerlach JC. (CIT0025)
Grossman M (CIT0027) 1992; 3
Ilan Y (CIT0038) 1999; 19
Rajvanshi P (CIT0049)
CIT0002
Soyer T (CIT0058)
Oren R (CIT0047)
Strom SC (CIT0059) 1999; 19
Fox IJ (CIT0021)
Gazzard BG (CIT0022) 1974; 1
Gupta S (CIT0032) 1999; 19
Matas AJ (CIT0043)
Bismuth H (CIT0009) 1996; 16
Burnell JM (CIT0010) 1973; 132
Oldhafer KJ (CIT0046) 1994
Laconi E (CIT0040)
Silk DB (CIT0056) 1977; 2
Terpstra OT (CIT0063)
Adam R (CIT0001)
Gunsalus JR (CIT0031) 1997; 3
Mito M (CIT0044)
Redeker AG (CIT0051) 1973; 6
Markus PM (CIT0042) 1999; 70
Bismuth H (CIT0008)
Hanau C (CIT0036)
O’Grady JG (CIT0045)
Bilir BM (CIT0007) 1997; 26
Gubernatis G (CIT0029)
CIT0060
Gerlach J (CIT0023)
CIT0463
Rajvanshi P (CIT0050)
Darby H (CIT0013)
Terpstra OT (CIT0062)
Gupta S (CIT0033) 1994; 5
Sandbichler P (CIT0054)
Ascher NL (CIT0004) 1995; 1
Van Thiel DH (CIT0065)
Emond JC (CIT0018)
Gerlach JC (CIT0024) 1995; 22
Bader A (CIT0006) 1995; 19
Eiseman B (CIT0016)
Patience C (CIT0048)
Gugenheim J (CIT0030)
References_xml – start-page: 788
  volume-title: Int J Artif Organs
  ident: CIT0023
  contributor:
    fullname: Gerlach J
– start-page: 482
  volume-title: Hepatol- ogy
  ident: CIT0050
  contributor:
    fullname: Rajvanshi P
– volume: 113
  start-page: 380
  year: 1996
  ident: CIT0028
  publication-title: Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd
  contributor:
    fullname: Gubernatis G
– start-page: 1105
  volume-title: Transplant Proc
  ident: CIT0001
  contributor:
    fullname: Adam R
– volume: 28
  start-page: 815
  issue: 9
  year: 1998
  ident: CIT0005
  publication-title: Xenobiot- ica
  doi: 10.1080/004982598239074
  contributor:
    fullname: Bader A
– volume: 70
  start-page: 162
  year: 1999
  ident: CIT0042
  publication-title: Chirurg
  doi: 10.1007/PL00002589
  contributor:
    fullname: Markus PM
– start-page: 991
  volume-title: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
  ident: CIT0014
  contributor:
    fullname: Dowling DJ
– volume: 30
  start-page: 699
  year: 1999
  ident: CIT0064
  publication-title: J Hepatol
  doi: 10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80202-5
  contributor:
    fullname: van Hoek B
– start-page: 220
  volume-title: Hepatology
  ident: CIT0035
  contributor:
    fullname: Hamaguchi H
– volume: 19
  start-page: 7
  year: 1999
  ident: CIT0026
  publication-title: Semin Liver Dis
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007093
  contributor:
    fullname: Grompe M
– volume: 1
  start-page: 194
  year: 1995
  ident: CIT0055
  publication-title: Liver Transpl Surg
  doi: 10.1002/lt.500010311
  contributor:
    fullname: Jr Shaw BW
– start-page: 1119
  volume-title: Hepatology
  ident: CIT0463
– volume: 19
  start-page: 15
  year: 1999
  ident: CIT0032
  publication-title: Semin Liver Dis
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007094
  contributor:
    fullname: Gupta S
– start-page: 1186
  volume-title: Gastroenterology
  ident: CIT0045
  contributor:
    fullname: O’Grady JG
– start-page: 951
  volume-title: Transplantation
  ident: CIT0034
  contributor:
    fullname: Habibullah CM
– start-page: 416
  volume-title: Wiad Lek
  ident: CIT0044
  contributor:
    fullname: Mito M
– start-page: 20
  volume-title: Am J Surg
  ident: CIT0058
  contributor:
    fullname: Soyer T
– start-page: 1124
  volume-title: Transplanta- tion
  ident: CIT0019
  contributor:
    fullname: Farges O
– volume: 1
  start-page: 1301
  year: 1974
  ident: CIT0022
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(74)90678-3
  contributor:
    fullname: Gazzard BG
– start-page: 319
  volume-title: Am J Pathol
  ident: CIT0040
  contributor:
    fullname: Laconi E
– start-page: 1507
  volume-title: N Engl J Med
  ident: CIT0063
  contributor:
    fullname: Terpstra OT
– volume: 5
  start-page: 959
  year: 1994
  ident: CIT0033
  publication-title: Hum Gene Ther
  doi: 10.1089/hum.1994.5.8-959
  contributor:
    fullname: Gupta S
– start-page: 892
  volume-title: Science
  ident: CIT0043
  contributor:
    fullname: Matas AJ
– start-page: 1446
  volume-title: Hepatology
  ident: CIT0017
  contributor:
    fullname: Ellis AJ
– start-page: 299
  volume-title: J Hepatol
  ident: CIT0049
  contributor:
    fullname: Rajvanshi P
– volume: 132
  start-page: 493
  year: 1973
  ident: CIT0010
  publication-title: Arch Intern Med
  doi: 10.1001/archinte.1973.03650100017004
  contributor:
    fullname: Burnell JM
– ident: CIT0060
  doi: 10.1097/00007890-199702270-00014
– start-page: 1003
  volume-title: Transplantation
  ident: CIT0062
  contributor:
    fullname: Terpstra OT
– start-page: 544
  volume-title: Ann Surg
  ident: CIT0018
  contributor:
    fullname: Emond JC
– start-page: 221
  volume-title: Transplantation
  ident: CIT0015
  contributor:
    fullname: Ebata H
– volume: 26
  start-page: A252
  year: 1997
  ident: CIT0007
  publication-title: Hepatol- ogy
  contributor:
    fullname: Bilir BM
– volume: 16
  start-page: 60
  year: 1992
  ident: CIT0061
  publication-title: Hepa- tology
  contributor:
    fullname: Sussman NL
– start-page: 379
  volume-title: J Surg Res
  ident: CIT0003
  contributor:
    fullname: Arnaout WS
– start-page: 329
  volume-title: Br J Exp Pathol
  ident: CIT0013
  contributor:
    fullname: Darby H
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1
  year: 1977
  ident: CIT0056
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)90001-0
  contributor:
    fullname: Silk DB
– start-page: 539
  volume-title: Curr Opin Immunol
  ident: CIT0048
  contributor:
    fullname: Patience C
– start-page: 712
  volume-title: Ann Surg
  ident: CIT0008
  contributor:
    fullname: Bismuth H
– volume: 9
  start-page: 270
  year: 1977
  ident: CIT0037
  publication-title: Eur Surg Res
  doi: 10.1159/000127946
  contributor:
    fullname: Hess F
– volume: 16
  start-page: 415
  year: 1996
  ident: CIT0009
  publication-title: Semin Liver Dis
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007254
  contributor:
    fullname: Bismuth H
– start-page: 664
  volume-title: Int J Artif Organs
  ident: CIT0011
  contributor:
    fullname: Chen SC
– start-page: 519
  volume-title: Lancet
  ident: CIT0030
  contributor:
    fullname: Gugenheim J
– volume: 19
  start-page: 941
  issue: 9
  year: 1995
  ident: CIT0006
  publication-title: Artif Organs
  doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1995.tb02456.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Bader A
– start-page: 1309
  volume-title: Dig Dis Sci
  ident: CIT0065
  contributor:
    fullname: Van Thiel DH
– start-page: 1365
  ident: CIT0002
  publication-title: Hepatology
– start-page: 181
  volume-title: Clin Transpl
  year: 1994
  ident: CIT0046
  contributor:
    fullname: Oldhafer KJ
– start-page: 502
  volume-title: Ann Surg
  ident: CIT0053
  contributor:
    fullname: Rozga J
– start-page: 660
  volume-title: World J Surg
  ident: CIT0029
  contributor:
    fullname: Gubernatis G
– ident: CIT0039
– start-page: 645
  volume-title: Int J Artif Organs
  ident: CIT0025
  contributor:
    fullname: Gerlach JC.
– volume: 3
  start-page: 48
  year: 1997
  ident: CIT0031
  publication-title: Nat Med
  doi: 10.1038/nm0197-48
  contributor:
    fullname: Gunsalus JR
– volume: 11
  start-page: 578
  year: 1979
  ident: CIT0057
  publication-title: Transplant Proc
  contributor:
    fullname: Sommer BG
– volume: 1
  start-page: 677
  year: 1995
  ident: CIT0004
  publication-title: Liver Transpl Surg
  contributor:
    fullname: Ascher NL
– start-page: 329
  volume-title: Ann Surg
  ident: CIT0016
  contributor:
    fullname: Eiseman B
– start-page: 757
  volume-title: J Gastroenterol Hepatol
  ident: CIT0052
  contributor:
    fullname: Riordan SM
– start-page: 605
  volume-title: Gastroenterology
  ident: CIT0054
  contributor:
    fullname: Sandbichler P
– volume: 22
  start-page: 546
  year: 1995
  ident: CIT0024
  publication-title: Hepatology
  contributor:
    fullname: Gerlach JC
– volume: 11
  start-page: 985
  year: 1999
  ident: CIT0020
  publication-title: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol
  doi: 10.1097/00042737-199909000-00006
  contributor:
    fullname: Fischer L
– start-page: 903
  volume-title: Hepatology
  ident: CIT0047
  contributor:
    fullname: Oren R
– volume: 3
  start-page: 501
  year: 1992
  ident: CIT0027
  publication-title: Hum Gene Ther
  doi: 10.1089/hum.1992.3.5-501
  contributor:
    fullname: Grossman M
– volume: 19
  start-page: 39
  year: 1999
  ident: CIT0059
  publication-title: Semin Liver Dis
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007096
  contributor:
    fullname: Strom SC
– start-page: 345
  volume-title: Hepatology
  ident: CIT0036
  contributor:
    fullname: Hanau C
– volume: 6
  start-page: 3
  year: 1973
  ident: CIT0051
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(73)91220-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Redeker AG
– start-page: 1422
  volume-title: N Engl J Med
  ident: CIT0021
  contributor:
    fullname: Fox IJ
– volume: 19
  start-page: 49
  year: 1999
  ident: CIT0038
  publication-title: Semin Liver Dis
  doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007097
  contributor:
    fullname: Ilan Y
SSID ssj0002493
Score 1.6241747
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet The introduction of orthotopic liver transplantation in the management of acute liver failure has dramatically increased the survival rates of patients at the...
SourceID proquest
crossref
pubmed
informaworld
informahealthcare
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 299
SubjectTerms Hepatocytes - transplantation
Humans
Liver Bridging Auxiliary Liver Transplantation Artificial Liver Support Hepatocyte Transplantation
Liver Failure, Acute - surgery
Liver Failure, Acute - therapy
Liver Regeneration - physiology
Liver, Artificial
Recovery of Function - physiology
Title Liver Bridging Techniques in the Treatment of Acute Liver Failure
URI https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/089419300750059343
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11202006
https://search.proquest.com/docview/72535510
Volume 13
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3da9swEBdZ-rKX0bGv7FMPezMqliX54zHdFkrZBgMH-mZkWaKBNBmzM1j_-p4s2XHqrmx9McagyLn7-XQn3f0OoY-MZSoBG0A4lTHhwjAiUypJJJmUrNKVMbYa-dv3-GzJzy_ExWRyPsha2jXlibq-s67kIVqFZ6BXWyX7H5rtfxQewD3oF66gYbj-k46_2qQKG99XbauhvONjrbvsxbxPI7cOp7I5AW7MQq7WnkvkDtd0tSff-K2DelA53e5p26L0oG28Uvt6stVVMD8Jfsg_uyvXBRsWQLJcr8HIXgb-YP5gfyHssZCPmnwMbVPGCfh-ztppbzsjSkLhuH9748oGIDqwlFk2WHSZs7gje-4TIGE2mKx1b2wLQkfsdIsnm1pXTTDxCB1FCUR9U3Q0P_18uujXZQg023yD7tV9CVXLtD6a4MBNOfYktpd9St4tYtu_hyetm5IfoydeiXjuwPIUTfTmGZq3SscdUPAeKHi1wQAU3AMFbw1ugYLdGA-U52i5-JJ_OiO-dwZR4KI1JOMJT7WJuEirMDUhg8BUs0SlMuSKWkqRMs5iGVc6K2mpYqUzYY_IueZSaKPYCzTdbDf6FcIiAtFpU1Y05RD-m7KkVFcVUxUVlUiyGQo6URU_HUVKQTvm2ZFgZ0iMpFn4b6q-d1w8lHjRtOg0DpgFu2_gh043BZhOex4mN3q7q4skArjAmjRDL53K9q9P4T_DevT6oZO-QY8dZ4Pdq3uLps2vnX4H3mtTvvewvAHH15NN
link.rule.ids 315,786,790,4043,27956,27957,27958
linkProvider EBSCOhost
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Liver+Bridging+Techniques+in+the+Treatment+of+Acute+Liver+Failure&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+investigative+surgery&rft.au=Daniel+Palmes%2C+Karim+A.+Qayumi%2C+Hans-Ullrich+Spiegel&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.issn=0894-1939&rft.eissn=1521-0553&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=299&rft.epage=311&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F089419300750059343&rft.externalDocID=11251535
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0894-1939&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0894-1939&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0894-1939&client=summon