ZO-1 interactions with F-actin and occludin direct epithelial polarization and single lumen specification in 3D culture

• Published in: Journal of cell science Vol. 130; no. 1; pp. 243 - 259
• Main Authors: Odenwald, Matthew A, Choi, Wangsun, Buckley, Aaron, Shashikanth, Nitesh, Joseph, Nora E, Wang, Yitang, Warren, Michael H, Buschmann, Mary M, Pavlyuk, Roman, Hildebrand, Jeffrey, Margolis, Ben, Fanning, Alan S, Turner, Jerrold R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England The Company of Biologists Ltd 01.01.2017
• Subjects: Actin; Actins - metabolism; alpha Catenin - metabolism; Auditory defects; Binding; Cell culture; Cell Culture Techniques - methods; Cell Line; Cell Polarity; Cell Proliferation; Clonal deletion; Cues; Cysts; Deletion mutant; Epithelial Cells - cytology; Epithelial Cells - metabolism; Extracellular matrix; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; Lumens; Mitosis; Morphogenesis; Mutants; Occludin - metabolism; Organs; Phenotype; Polarization; Protein Binding; Protein Transport; Proteins; Scaffolding; Structural proteins; Tight Junctions - metabolism; Zonula occludens-1 protein; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein - chemistry; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein - metabolism; α-Catenin; Morphogenesis; Cell polarity; Epithelial Cells; Tight junctions; Lumen Formation
• ISSN: 0021-9533; 1477-9137
• DOI: 10.1242/jcs.188185

Epithelia within tubular organs form and expand lumens. Failure of these processes can result in serious developmental anomalies. Although tight junction assembly is crucial to epithelial polarization, the contribution of specific tight junction proteins to lumenogenesis is undefined. Here, we show that ZO-1 (also known as TJP1) is necessary for the formation of single lumens. Epithelia lacking this tight junction scaffolding protein form cysts with multiple lumens and are defective in the earliest phases of polarization, both in two and three dimensions. Expression of ZO-1 domain-deletion mutants demonstrated that the actin-binding region and U5-GuK domain are crucial to single lumen development. For actin-binding region, but not U5-GuK domain, mutants, this could be overcome by strong polarization cues from the extracellular matrix. Analysis of the U5-GuK binding partners shroom2, α-catenin and occludin showed that only occludin deletion led to multi-lumen cysts. Like ZO-1-deficiency, occludin deletion led to mitotic spindle orientation defects. Single lumen formation required the occludin OCEL domain, which binds to ZO-1. We conclude that ZO-1-occludin interactions regulate multiple phases of epithelial polarization by providing cell-intrinsic signals that are required for single lumen formation.