A Novel Imputation Model for Missing Concrete Dam Monitoring Data

• Published in: Mathematics (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 9; p. 2178
• Main Authors: Cui, Xinran, Gu, Hao, Gu, Chongshi, Cao, Wenhan, Wang, Jiayi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2023
• Subjects: Analysis; Cluster analysis; Clustering; Concrete; concrete dam; Concrete dams; Dam failure; Dam foundations; Dam safety; Dams; Data models; Deformation effects; distance similarity index; Human error; Longitudinal studies; Machine learning; Mathematics; measurement point clustering; Methods; Missing data; missing data imputation; Monitoring; Monitoring systems; Neural networks; panel data model; Similarity; Vector quantization; Weighting methods
• DOI: 10.3390/math11092178
• ISSN: 2227-7390

To ensure the safety of concrete dams, a large number of monitoring instruments are embedded in the bodies and foundations of the dams. However, monitoring data are often missing due to failure of monitoring equipment, human error and other factors that cause difficulties in diagnosis of dam safety and failure to precisely predict their deformation. In this paper, a new method for imputing missing deformation data is proposed. First, since the traditional deformation increment speed distance index of the deformation similarity index does not take into account the fact that there is little change in deformations occurring in two consecutive days, the denominator of the index tends to be equal to zero. In this paper, an improved index for solving this problem is proposed. A combined weighting method for calculating the deformation similarity comprehensive index and the k-means clustering method is then proposed and used to classify deformation monitoring points. Subsequently, a panel data model that imputes different types of missing data is established. The method proposed in this paper can impute missing concrete dam deformation data more accurately; therefore, it can effectively solve the missing deformation monitoring data problem.