Land and Atmospheric Drivers of the 2023 Flood in India

Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, what led to the 2023 North India flood an...

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Published inEarth and space science (Hoboken, N.J.) Vol. 11; no. 10
Main Authors Kushwaha, Anuj Prakash, Solanki, Hiren, Vegad, Urmin, Mahto, Shanti Shwarup, Mishra, Vimal
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.10.2024
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Subjects
Datasets
extreme precipitation
Extreme weather
Flash floods
Flood damage
Floods
Humidity
Hydrology
India
Landslides & mudslides
Monsoons
Natural disasters
Precipitation
River basins
Rivers
Satellites
Soil moisture
Specific humidity
Storm damage
Stream discharge
Stream flow
summer monsoon
Water vapor
Wind
Himalaya Mountains
Himachal Pradesh India
Uttarakhand India
India
South Asia
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Abstract Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, what led to the 2023 North India flood and the role of atmospheric and land drivers still need to be examined. Using in situ observations, satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis combined with hydrological and hydrodynamical modeling, we examine the role of land and atmospheric drivers in flood occurrence and its impacts. Extreme precipitation in a large region during 7–10 July 2023 created favorable conditions for the flood in the hilly terrains and plains of north India. More than 300 mm of precipitation fell in just 4 days, which was eight times higher than the long‐term average (2001–2022). Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India was recorded on 7 July 2023, making atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall. Increased column water vapor and specific humidity at different pressure levels confirmed the continuous moisture presence before the extreme rainfall that caused floods in northern India from 7 to 12 July 2023. Atmospheric and land (high antecedent soil moisture) conditions contributed to a more than 200% rise in streamflow at several gauge stations. Satellite‐based flood extent shows a considerable flood inundation that caused damage in the Sutlej and Yamuna River basins. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the favorable land and atmospheric conditions that caused floods and flash floods in north India in July 2023. Plain Language Summary In July 2023, North India experienced a severe flood that caused significant damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, the exact causes of this flood have yet to be examined. Using in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data, we examined the drivers of the flood. Favorable atmospheric and land conditions created a unique situation that led to a significant flood in north India. For instance, extreme precipitation during 7–10 July enhanced antecedent soil moisture conditions in the hilly and plain regions. Anomalously high moisture transport caused intense rainfall, which, combined with high soil moisture, produced high runoff and streamflow conditions. Flood inundation caused damage to the Sutlaj and Yamuna river basins. Our findings show the need to monitor soil moisture and atmospheric processes for early warning of floods in hilly regions. Key Points The flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India created atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall High antecedent soil moisture and extreme precipitation caused the north India flood in 2023
AbstractList Abstract Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, what led to the 2023 North India flood and the role of atmospheric and land drivers still need to be examined. Using in situ observations, satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis combined with hydrological and hydrodynamical modeling, we examine the role of land and atmospheric drivers in flood occurrence and its impacts. Extreme precipitation in a large region during 7–10 July 2023 created favorable conditions for the flood in the hilly terrains and plains of north India. More than 300 mm of precipitation fell in just 4 days, which was eight times higher than the long‐term average (2001–2022). Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India was recorded on 7 July 2023, making atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall. Increased column water vapor and specific humidity at different pressure levels confirmed the continuous moisture presence before the extreme rainfall that caused floods in northern India from 7 to 12 July 2023. Atmospheric and land (high antecedent soil moisture) conditions contributed to a more than 200% rise in streamflow at several gauge stations. Satellite‐based flood extent shows a considerable flood inundation that caused damage in the Sutlej and Yamuna River basins. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the favorable land and atmospheric conditions that caused floods and flash floods in north India in July 2023.
The flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India created atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall High antecedent soil moisture and extreme precipitation caused the north India flood in 2023
Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, what led to the 2023 North India flood and the role of atmospheric and land drivers still need to be examined. Using in situ observations, satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis combined with hydrological and hydrodynamical modeling, we examine the role of land and atmospheric drivers in flood occurrence and its impacts. Extreme precipitation in a large region during 7–10 July 2023 created favorable conditions for the flood in the hilly terrains and plains of north India. More than 300 mm of precipitation fell in just 4 days, which was eight times higher than the long‐term average (2001–2022). Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India was recorded on 7 July 2023, making atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall. Increased column water vapor and specific humidity at different pressure levels confirmed the continuous moisture presence before the extreme rainfall that caused floods in northern India from 7 to 12 July 2023. Atmospheric and land (high antecedent soil moisture) conditions contributed to a more than 200% rise in streamflow at several gauge stations. Satellite‐based flood extent shows a considerable flood inundation that caused damage in the Sutlej and Yamuna River basins. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the favorable land and atmospheric conditions that caused floods and flash floods in north India in July 2023.
Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, what led to the 2023 North India flood and the role of atmospheric and land drivers still need to be examined. Using in situ observations, satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis combined with hydrological and hydrodynamical modeling, we examine the role of land and atmospheric drivers in flood occurrence and its impacts. Extreme precipitation in a large region during 7–10 July 2023 created favorable conditions for the flood in the hilly terrains and plains of north India. More than 300 mm of precipitation fell in just 4 days, which was eight times higher than the long‐term average (2001–2022). Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India was recorded on 7 July 2023, making atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall. Increased column water vapor and specific humidity at different pressure levels confirmed the continuous moisture presence before the extreme rainfall that caused floods in northern India from 7 to 12 July 2023. Atmospheric and land (high antecedent soil moisture) conditions contributed to a more than 200% rise in streamflow at several gauge stations. Satellite‐based flood extent shows a considerable flood inundation that caused damage in the Sutlej and Yamuna River basins. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the favorable land and atmospheric conditions that caused floods and flash floods in north India in July 2023. Plain Language Summary In July 2023, North India experienced a severe flood that caused significant damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, the exact causes of this flood have yet to be examined. Using in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data, we examined the drivers of the flood. Favorable atmospheric and land conditions created a unique situation that led to a significant flood in north India. For instance, extreme precipitation during 7–10 July enhanced antecedent soil moisture conditions in the hilly and plain regions. Anomalously high moisture transport caused intense rainfall, which, combined with high soil moisture, produced high runoff and streamflow conditions. Flood inundation caused damage to the Sutlaj and Yamuna river basins. Our findings show the need to monitor soil moisture and atmospheric processes for early warning of floods in hilly regions. Key Points The flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India created atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall High antecedent soil moisture and extreme precipitation caused the north India flood in 2023
Author Solanki, Hiren
Kushwaha, Anuj Prakash
Mahto, Shanti Shwarup
Vegad, Urmin
Mishra, Vimal
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  organization: Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar
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SSID ssj0001256024
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Snippet Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in...
The flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure Anomalously high moisture transport over northern...
Abstract Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent...
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proquest
crossref
wiley
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Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
SubjectTerms Datasets
extreme precipitation
Extreme weather
Flash floods
Flood damage
Floods
Humidity
Hydrology
India
Landslides & mudslides
Monsoons
Natural disasters
Precipitation
River basins
Rivers
Satellites
Soil moisture
Specific humidity
Storm damage
Stream discharge
Stream flow
summer monsoon
Water vapor
Wind
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Title Land and Atmospheric Drivers of the 2023 Flood in India
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029%2F2024EA003750
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3121356799
https://doaj.org/article/b0d7574dc5604aefb8baaf881fc18cb6
Volume 11
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