Fundamental Interaction Niches: Towards a Functional Understanding of Ecological Networks' Resilience

• Published in: Ecology letters Vol. 28; no. 6; pp. e70146 - n/a
• Main Authors: Marjakangas, Emma‐Liina, Dalsgaard, Bo, Ordonez, Alejandro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2025; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: adaptability; Animals; antagonistic interaction; Birds - physiology; Ecological function; Ecosystem; Flowering; Flowering plants; functional diversity; fundamental niche; interaction rewiring; Magnoliopsida - physiology; metanetwork; Models, Biological; mutualistic interaction; Networks; New species; Niches; pairwise interaction; Plant species; realised niche; Resilience; Trophic levels; functional diversity; realised niche; metanetwork; pairwise interaction; antagonistic interaction; adaptability; mutualistic interaction; fundamental niche; interaction rewiring
• DOI: 10.1111/ele.70146
• ISSN: 1461-023X; 1461-0248

ABSTRACT Global change will create new species interactions and alter or eliminate existing ones, a process known as interaction rewiring. This rewiring can significantly affect how ecosystems function. To better predict the future structure of ecological networks, assessing their ability to adapt to changes is crucial. Here, we introduce two concepts: ‘rewiring capacity’ of a single species (the multidimensional trait space of all its potential interaction partners within a region) and ‘rewiring potential’ of a local community (the total trait space covered by interaction partners of the species at the target trophic level locally). To quantify the rewiring capacity and potential, we apply existing methods for determining species' functional interaction niches in a novel way to assess species' and communities' ability to form new interactions and the functional resilience of interaction networks to global change. To illustrate the applicability of these concepts, we quantified the rewiring capacity and potential of interactions between 1002 flowering plant species and 318 hummingbird species across the Americas. The rewiring capacity and potential metrics offer a new way to understand and quantify network resilience, allowing us to map how ecological networks respond to global change. Global change pressures can reshuffle community compositions and reorganise structures of ecological networks. This paper provides concepts and tools to assess the functional ability of species and networks to reorganise their interactions under global change. The use of the concepts and tools is illustrated with a case study on flowering plant–hummingbird networks in the Americas.