Host susceptibility genes of asymptomatic malaria from South Central Timor, Eastern Indonesia

• Published in: Parasitology research (1987) Vol. 122; no. 1; pp. 61 - 75
• Main Authors: Fitri, Nyoman, Na-Bangchang, Kesara, Tjitra, Emiliana, Hutagalung, Jontari, Sunarno, Sunarno, Dewi, Rita Marleta, Handayani, Sarwo, Chaijaroenkul, Wanna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.01.2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: adhesion; alleles; Analysis; Asymptomatic; Asymptomatic infection; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; CD36 antigen; Cytokines; Cytokines - genetics; Disease susceptibility; exons; Gene polymorphism; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genetic factors; Genetic polymorphisms; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic research; Genotype; genotyping; Health aspects; heterozygosity; homozygosity; Humans; Immunology; Indonesia; Indonesia - epidemiology; Infection; Infections; Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 - genetics; Interleukin 10; Interleukin-10 - genetics; interleukin-12; interleukin-4; Interleukin-4 - genetics; Malaria; Malaria - epidemiology; Medical Microbiology; Microbiology; Plasmodium vivax; Polymorphism; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; risk; risk reduction; Timor; Tumor necrosis factor; Indonesia; Thailand; Canada; Timor; Host genetic factor; Adhesion molecule; Malaria; Cytokine
• DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07696-0
• ISSN: 0932-0113; 1432-1955

Host genetic factors, such as the genes for various cytokines and adhesion molecules, play a significant role in determining susceptibility to malaria infection. Polymorphisms in host genes have been correlated with malaria infection in both African and Asian regions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between both cytokine and adhesion molecule genotypes with susceptibility to malaria infection in humans. Ten cytokine polymorphism loci ( IL4  +  33 , IL4-590 , IL6-174 , IL10-1082 , IL10-1035 , IL12p40 , TNF-238 , TNF-308 , TNF-1031 , and TNF-β ) and three adhesion molecule polymorphism loci ( CD36 exon 10, ICAM-1 Kilifi , and ICAM-1 exon 6) were genotyped using PCR–RFLP analysis. We conducted this study on 178 asymptomatic malaria subjects and 122 uninfected subjects. Results showed that certain CD36 exon 10 and IL10 -3575 polymorphisms were associated with asymptomatic infection. The heterozygous (GT) and homozygous (GG) genotypes for CD36 exon 10 are associated with an increased risk of malaria infection. On the other hand, the homozygous genotype (AA) for IL10 -3575 reduced the risk of asymptomatic malaria infection. No significant differences were found for the other polymorphisms studied. We also found that a polymorphism in CD36 exon 10 was strongly associated with asymptomatic malaria caused specifically by Plasmodium vivax . These findings suggest that the G allele of CD36 exon 10 is associated with an increased risk of asymptomatic malaria infection. On the other hand, the genotype AA for IL10 -3575 was associated with a reduced risk of malaria infection.