Functional UDP-glucuronyltransferase 2B15 polymorphism and bisphenol A concentrations in blood: results from physiologically based kinetic modelling

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted i...

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Published inArchives of toxicology Vol. 87; no. 7; pp. 1257 - 1264
Main Authors Partosch, Falko, Mielke, Hans, Gundert-Remy, Ursula
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.07.2013
Springer Nature B.V
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ISSN0340-5761
1432-0738
1432-0738
DOI10.1007/s00204-013-1022-8

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Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10–100-fold lower blood concentrations than those reported. Moreover, in controlled situations, BPA did not exceed the level of detection (<0.3 ng/ml) in human blood or urine. Using a validated human PBK model, this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15, the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism, on the BPA concentration–time profile in human blood. Maximum concentrations ( C max ) and areas under the curves (AUCs) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4.7 and 4.6, respectively (doses: 1 and 0.05 μg/kg/day). Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers. This finding explains why C max and AUC increased to a smaller extent, as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants. The highest C max value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg/ml, which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations, which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity. From the risk assessment perspective, our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA.
AbstractList Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10-100-fold lower blood concentrations than those reported. Moreover, in controlled situations, BPA did not exceed the level of detection (<0.3 ng/ml) in human blood or urine. Using a validated human PBK model, this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15, the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism, on the BPA concentration-time profile in human blood. Maximum concentrations (C(max)) and areas under the curves (AUCs) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4.7 and 4.6, respectively (doses: 1 and 0.05 μg/kg/day). Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers. This finding explains why C(max) and AUC increased to a smaller extent, as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants. The highest C(max) value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg/ml, which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations, which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity. From the risk assessment perspective, our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA.Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10-100-fold lower blood concentrations than those reported. Moreover, in controlled situations, BPA did not exceed the level of detection (<0.3 ng/ml) in human blood or urine. Using a validated human PBK model, this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15, the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism, on the BPA concentration-time profile in human blood. Maximum concentrations (C(max)) and areas under the curves (AUCs) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4.7 and 4.6, respectively (doses: 1 and 0.05 μg/kg/day). Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers. This finding explains why C(max) and AUC increased to a smaller extent, as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants. The highest C(max) value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg/ml, which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations, which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity. From the risk assessment perspective, our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10–100-fold lower blood concentrations than those reported. Moreover, in controlled situations, BPA did not exceed the level of detection (<0.3 ng/ml) in human blood or urine. Using a validated human PBK model, this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15, the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism, on the BPA concentration–time profile in human blood. Maximum concentrations ( C max ) and areas under the curves (AUCs) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4.7 and 4.6, respectively (doses: 1 and 0.05 μg/kg/day). Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers. This finding explains why C max and AUC increased to a smaller extent, as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants. The highest C max value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg/ml, which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations, which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity. From the risk assessment perspective, our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10-100-fold lower blood concentrations than those reported. Moreover, in controlled situations, BPA did not exceed the level of detection (<0.3 ng/ml) in human blood or urine. Using a validated human PBK model, this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15, the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism, on the BPA concentration-time profile in human blood. Maximum concentrations (C sub(max)) and areas under the curves (AUCs) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4.7 and 4.6, respectively (doses: 1 and 0.05 mu g/kg/day). Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers. This finding explains why C sub(max) and AUC increased to a smaller extent, as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants. The highest C sub(max) value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg/ml, which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations, which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity. From the risk assessment perspective, our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10-100-fold lower blood concentrations than those reported. Moreover, in controlled situations, BPA did not exceed the level of detection (<0.3 ng/ml) in human blood or urine. Using a validated human PBK model, this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15, the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism, on the BPA concentration-time profile in human blood. Maximum concentrations (C ^sub max^) and areas under the curves (AUCs) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4.7 and 4.6, respectively (doses: 1 and 0.05 [mu]g/kg/day). Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers. This finding explains why C ^sub max^ and AUC increased to a smaller extent, as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants. The highest C ^sub max^ value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg/ml, which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations, which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity. From the risk assessment perspective, our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret reportedly high blood concentrations measured in uncontrolled situations. Physiologically based pharmaco-/toxicokinetic modelling resulted in 10-100-fold lower blood concentrations than those reported. Moreover, in controlled situations, BPA did not exceed the level of detection (<0.3 ng/ml) in human blood or urine. Using a validated human PBK model, this study investigated the influence of functionally relevant polymorphic UGT2B15, the enzyme mediating BPA metabolism, on the BPA concentration-time profile in human blood. Maximum concentrations (C(max)) and areas under the curves (AUCs) in blood from high and low metabolisers differed by a factor of 4.7 and 4.6, respectively (doses: 1 and 0.05 μg/kg/day). Low metabolisers excreted a greater proportion of BPA via the sulphate pathway compared to high metabolisers. This finding explains why C(max) and AUC increased to a smaller extent, as predicted from in vitro data obtained with transfected cells possessing only the UGT2B15 variants. The highest C(max) value calculated in the subject with the lowest metabolic clearance was roughly 40 pg/ml, which is far lower than reported high blood concentrations, which in turn cannot be explained by genetically impaired UGT2B15 activity. From the risk assessment perspective, our results indicate that the traditional uncertainty factor is sufficient to account for the variability in the polymorphic glucuronidation of BPA.
Author Partosch, Falko
Mielke, Hans
Gundert-Remy, Ursula
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23404680$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 7
Keywords Bisphenol A
Physiologically based kinetic modelling
Systemic availability
Risk assessment
Polymorphically expressed UGT2B15 metabolism
Internal exposure
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Snippet Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical in widespread use that is under scientific discussion due to its endocrine activity. Controversies exist about how to interpret...
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SubjectTerms Area Under Curve
Benzhydryl Compounds - blood
Benzhydryl Compounds - pharmacokinetics
Biological Availability
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biotransformation
Bisphenol A
Blood
Endocrine Disruptors - blood
Endocrine Disruptors - pharmacokinetics
Environmental Health
Enzymes
Genotype
Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics
Glucuronosyltransferase - metabolism
Half-Life
Humans
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Metabolism
Models, Biological
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Phenols - blood
Phenols - pharmacokinetics
Phenotype
Polymorphism
Polymorphism, Genetic
Risk Assessment
Toxicokinetics and Metabolism
Toxicology
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Title Functional UDP-glucuronyltransferase 2B15 polymorphism and bisphenol A concentrations in blood: results from physiologically based kinetic modelling
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-013-1022-8
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Volume 87
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