Ingestion and Egestion of Microplastics by the Cladoceran Daphnia magna: Effects of Regular and Irregular Shaped Plastic and Sorbed Phenanthrene

The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna . Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10–106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic f...

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Published in	Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology Vol. 99; no. 6; pp. 655 - 661
Main Authors	Frydkjær, Camilla Krogh, Iversen, Niels, Roslev, Peter
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	New York Springer US 01.12.2017 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Acute effects Algae Animals Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic Pollution Bacteria Beads carbon Daphnia - drug effects Daphnia - physiology Daphnia magna Dietary Exposure Earth and Environmental Science Eating Ecosystem Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental conditions environmental factors Environmental Health Fragments Hydrophobicity Ingestion Invertebrates median effective concentration Microplastics Phenanthrene phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes - analysis Phenanthrenes - toxicity Plankton Plastics Plastics - analysis Plastics - toxicity Pollutants Pollution Polyethylene Polyethylenes radionuclides Soil Science & Conservation Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Water Pollution Control Yeast yeasts Polyethylene microplastics Sorption Phenanthrene Acute toxicity Daphnia magna
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Abstract	The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna . Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10–106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic fragments (10–75 µm). Daphnia magna ingested regular and irregular microplastic with uptake between 0.7 and 50 plastic particles/animal/day when exposed to microplastic concentrations of 0.0001–10 g/L. Egestion of irregular fragments was slower than that of microplastic beads. The EC50 for irregular microplastic was 0.065 g/L whereas microplastic beads were less inhibitory. The potential of microplastic to act as vector for hydrophobic pollutants was examined using [ 14 C]phenanthrene as tracer. Polyethylene microplastic sorbed less [ 14 C]phenanthrene compared to natural plankton organisms (bacteria, algae, yeast). As microplastics are much less abundant in most aquatic ecosystems compared to plankton organisms this suggests a limited role as vector for hydrophobic pollutants under current environmental conditions.
AbstractList	The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna. Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10-106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic fragments (10-75 µm). Daphnia magna ingested regular and irregular microplastic with uptake between 0.7 and 50 plastic particles/animal/day when exposed to microplastic concentrations of 0.0001-10 g/L. Egestion of irregular fragments was slower than that of microplastic beads. The EC50 for irregular microplastic was 0.065 g/L whereas microplastic beads were less inhibitory. The potential of microplastic to act as vector for hydrophobic pollutants was examined using [ C]phenanthrene as tracer. Polyethylene microplastic sorbed less [ C]phenanthrene compared to natural plankton organisms (bacteria, algae, yeast). As microplastics are much less abundant in most aquatic ecosystems compared to plankton organisms this suggests a limited role as vector for hydrophobic pollutants under current environmental conditions. The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna. Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10–106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic fragments (10–75 µm). Daphnia magna ingested regular and irregular microplastic with uptake between 0.7 and 50 plastic particles/animal/day when exposed to microplastic concentrations of 0.0001–10 g/L. Egestion of irregular fragments was slower than that of microplastic beads. The EC50 for irregular microplastic was 0.065 g/L whereas microplastic beads were less inhibitory. The potential of microplastic to act as vector for hydrophobic pollutants was examined using [14C]phenanthrene as tracer. Polyethylene microplastic sorbed less [14C]phenanthrene compared to natural plankton organisms (bacteria, algae, yeast). As microplastics are much less abundant in most aquatic ecosystems compared to plankton organisms this suggests a limited role as vector for hydrophobic pollutants under current environmental conditions. The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna. Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10-106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic fragments (10-75 µm). Daphnia magna ingested regular and irregular microplastic with uptake between 0.7 and 50 plastic particles/animal/day when exposed to microplastic concentrations of 0.0001-10 g/L. Egestion of irregular fragments was slower than that of microplastic beads. The EC50 for irregular microplastic was 0.065 g/L whereas microplastic beads were less inhibitory. The potential of microplastic to act as vector for hydrophobic pollutants was examined using [14C]phenanthrene as tracer. Polyethylene microplastic sorbed less [14C]phenanthrene compared to natural plankton organisms (bacteria, algae, yeast). As microplastics are much less abundant in most aquatic ecosystems compared to plankton organisms this suggests a limited role as vector for hydrophobic pollutants under current environmental conditions.The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna. Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10-106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic fragments (10-75 µm). Daphnia magna ingested regular and irregular microplastic with uptake between 0.7 and 50 plastic particles/animal/day when exposed to microplastic concentrations of 0.0001-10 g/L. Egestion of irregular fragments was slower than that of microplastic beads. The EC50 for irregular microplastic was 0.065 g/L whereas microplastic beads were less inhibitory. The potential of microplastic to act as vector for hydrophobic pollutants was examined using [14C]phenanthrene as tracer. Polyethylene microplastic sorbed less [14C]phenanthrene compared to natural plankton organisms (bacteria, algae, yeast). As microplastics are much less abundant in most aquatic ecosystems compared to plankton organisms this suggests a limited role as vector for hydrophobic pollutants under current environmental conditions. The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna . Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10–106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic fragments (10–75 µm). Daphnia magna ingested regular and irregular microplastic with uptake between 0.7 and 50 plastic particles/animal/day when exposed to microplastic concentrations of 0.0001–10 g/L. Egestion of irregular fragments was slower than that of microplastic beads. The EC50 for irregular microplastic was 0.065 g/L whereas microplastic beads were less inhibitory. The potential of microplastic to act as vector for hydrophobic pollutants was examined using [ 14 C]phenanthrene as tracer. Polyethylene microplastic sorbed less [ 14 C]phenanthrene compared to natural plankton organisms (bacteria, algae, yeast). As microplastics are much less abundant in most aquatic ecosystems compared to plankton organisms this suggests a limited role as vector for hydrophobic pollutants under current environmental conditions. The presence of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is of increasing global concern. This study investigated ingestion, egestion and acute effects of polyethylene microplastics in Daphnia magna. Fate of regular shaped microplastic beads (10–106 µm) were compared with irregular shaped microplastic fragments (10–75 µm). Daphnia magna ingested regular and irregular microplastic with uptake between 0.7 and 50 plastic particles/animal/day when exposed to microplastic concentrations of 0.0001–10 g/L. Egestion of irregular fragments was slower than that of microplastic beads. The EC50 for irregular microplastic was 0.065 g/L whereas microplastic beads were less inhibitory. The potential of microplastic to act as vector for hydrophobic pollutants was examined using [¹⁴C]phenanthrene as tracer. Polyethylene microplastic sorbed less [¹⁴C]phenanthrene compared to natural plankton organisms (bacteria, algae, yeast). As microplastics are much less abundant in most aquatic ecosystems compared to plankton organisms this suggests a limited role as vector for hydrophobic pollutants under current environmental conditions.
Author	Roslev, Peter Frydkjær, Camilla Krogh Iversen, Niels
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Camilla Krogh surname: Frydkjær fullname: Frydkjær, Camilla Krogh organization: Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University – sequence: 2 givenname: Niels surname: Iversen fullname: Iversen, Niels organization: Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University – sequence: 3 givenname: Peter orcidid: 0000-0002-8994-2154 surname: Roslev fullname: Roslev, Peter email: pr@bio.aau.dk organization: Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University
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Copyright	Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology is a copyright of Springer, (2017). All Rights Reserved.
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Keywords	Polyethylene microplastics Sorption Phenanthrene Acute toxicity Daphnia magna
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SubjectTerms	Acute effects Algae Animals Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic Pollution Bacteria Beads carbon Daphnia - drug effects Daphnia - physiology Daphnia magna Dietary Exposure Earth and Environmental Science Eating Ecosystem Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental conditions environmental factors Environmental Health Fragments Hydrophobicity Ingestion Invertebrates median effective concentration Microplastics Phenanthrene phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes - analysis Phenanthrenes - toxicity Plankton Plastics Plastics - analysis Plastics - toxicity Pollutants Pollution Polyethylene Polyethylenes radionuclides Soil Science & Conservation Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity Water Pollution Control Yeast yeasts
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Title	Ingestion and Egestion of Microplastics by the Cladoceran Daphnia magna: Effects of Regular and Irregular Shaped Plastic and Sorbed Phenanthrene
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