The Connection Between Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Competitive Sports Athletes
Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold greater than the total number of cells in the...
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| Published in | Sports medicine (Auckland) Vol. 52; no. 10; pp. 2355 - 2369 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Cham
Springer International Publishing
01.10.2022
Springer Nature B.V |
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| Abstract | Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold greater than the total number of cells in the entire human body. Among its multiple functions, the microbiota helps promote the bioavailability of some nutrients and the metabolization of food, and protects the intestinal mucosa from the aggression of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, by stimulating the production of intestinal mediators able to reach the central nervous system (gut/brain axis), the gut microbiota participates in the modulation of human moods and behaviors. Several endogenous and exogenous factors can cause dysbiosis with important consequences on the composition and functions of the microbiota. Recent research underlines the importance of appropriate physical activity (such as sports), nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle to ensure the presence of a functional physiological microbiota working to maintain the health of the whole human organism. Indeed, in addition to bowel disturbances, variations in the qualitative and quantitative microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract might have systemic negative effects. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of physical activity on gut microbiota with the aim of identifying potential mechanisms by which exercise could affect gut microbiota composition and function. Whether physical exercise of variable work intensity might reflect changes in intestinal health is analyzed. |
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| AbstractList | Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold greater than the total number of cells in the entire human body. Among its multiple functions, the microbiota helps promote the bioavailability of some nutrients and the metabolization of food, and protects the intestinal mucosa from the aggression of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, by stimulating the production of intestinal mediators able to reach the central nervous system (gut/brain axis), the gut microbiota participates in the modulation of human moods and behaviors. Several endogenous and exogenous factors can cause dysbiosis with important consequences on the composition and functions of the microbiota. Recent research underlines the importance of appropriate physical activity (such as sports), nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle to ensure the presence of a functional physiological microbiota working to maintain the health of the whole human organism. Indeed, in addition to bowel disturbances, variations in the qualitative and quantitative microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract might have systemic negative effects. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of physical activity on gut microbiota with the aim of identifying potential mechanisms by which exercise could affect gut microbiota composition and function. Whether physical exercise of variable work intensity might reflect changes in intestinal health is analyzed. Abstract Gut microbiota refers to those microorganisms in the human digestive tract that display activities fundamental in human life. With at least 4 million different bacterial types, the gut microbiota is composed of bacteria that are present at levels sixfold greater than the total number of cells in the entire human body. Among its multiple functions, the microbiota helps promote the bioavailability of some nutrients and the metabolization of food, and protects the intestinal mucosa from the aggression of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, by stimulating the production of intestinal mediators able to reach the central nervous system (gut/brain axis), the gut microbiota participates in the modulation of human moods and behaviors. Several endogenous and exogenous factors can cause dysbiosis with important consequences on the composition and functions of the microbiota. Recent research underlines the importance of appropriate physical activity (such as sports), nutrition, and a healthy lifestyle to ensure the presence of a functional physiological microbiota working to maintain the health of the whole human organism. Indeed, in addition to bowel disturbances, variations in the qualitative and quantitative microbial composition of the gastrointestinal tract might have systemic negative effects. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of physical activity on gut microbiota with the aim of identifying potential mechanisms by which exercise could affect gut microbiota composition and function. Whether physical exercise of variable work intensity might reflect changes in intestinal health is analyzed. |
| Author | Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros Topi, Skender Montagnani, Monica Wegierska, Angelika Elzbieta Santacroce, Luigi Potenza, Maria Assunta |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Angelika Elzbieta surname: Wegierska fullname: Wegierska, Angelika Elzbieta organization: Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, Italian Athletics Federation (FIDAL) – sequence: 2 givenname: Ioannis Alexandros surname: Charitos fullname: Charitos, Ioannis Alexandros organization: Emergency/Urgent Department, National Poisoning Center, Riuniti University Hospital of Foggia – sequence: 3 givenname: Skender surname: Topi fullname: Topi, Skender organization: Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani” – sequence: 4 givenname: Maria Assunta surname: Potenza fullname: Potenza, Maria Assunta organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari – sequence: 5 givenname: Monica surname: Montagnani fullname: Montagnani, Monica organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari – sequence: 6 givenname: Luigi orcidid: 0000-0001-5671-8124 surname: Santacroce fullname: Santacroce, Luigi email: luigi.santacroce@uniba.it organization: Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35596883$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Bacteria Bioavailability Carbohydrates Central nervous system Cytokines Digestive system Dysbacteriosis E coli Exercise Gastrointestinal tract Gene expression Human body Intestinal microflora Intestine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Microbiota Microorganisms Nutrition Physical activity Physical fitness Physical training Physiology Review Review Article Skin Sports Medicine |
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| Title | The Connection Between Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Competitive Sports Athletes |
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