CFD analysis and energy simulation of a gymnasium
A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program EXACT3 has been applied to investigate the temperature distribution and air movement within an air-conditioned gymnasium with four different, but commonly found, exhaust positions in Hong Kong. In this numerical study, the effects of thermal stratificatio...
Saved in:
| Published in | Building and environment Vol. 36; no. 3; pp. 351 - 358 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2001
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program EXACT3 has been applied to investigate the temperature distribution and air movement within an air-conditioned gymnasium with four different, but commonly found, exhaust positions in Hong Kong. In this numerical study, the effects of thermal stratification on the energy performance (in terms of cooling load and electricity consumption) are examined with respect to the HVAC plant oversizing issue. It has been found that significant thermal stratification occurs in the gymnasium. The annual cooling load can be overestimated by 45.4% for the best exhaust position when the effect of thermal stratification is not considered. The corresponding peak cooling load and, hence, chiller plant size, will increase from 59.9 to 77.6 kW. The low energy efficiency of the oversized chiller at part-load operation results in a 7% increase in the annual energy use for the HVAC plant. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, EXACT3 (EXplicit Algorithm for 3-dimensional Continuous Turbulent fluid flow), has been used to investigate the temperature distribution and air movement within an air-conditioned gymnasium with 4 different, but commonly found, exhaust positions in Hong Kong. In this numerical study, the effects of thermal stratification on the energy performance (in terms of cooling load and electricity consumption) are examined with respect to the HVAC plant oversizing issue. It has been found that significant thermal stratification occurs in the gymnasium. The annual cooling load can be overestimated by 45.4% for the best exhaust position when the effect of thermal stratification is not considered. The corresponding peak cooling load and, hence, chiller plant size, will increase from 59.9 to 77.6 kW. The low energy efficiency of the oversized chiller at part-load operation results in a 7% increase in the annual energy use for the HVAC plant. (Original abstract - amended) A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program EXACT3 has been applied to investigate the temperature distribution and air movement within an air-conditioned gymnasium with four different, but commonly found, exhaust positions in Hong Kong. In this numerical study, the effects of thermal stratification on the energy performance (in terms of cooling load and electricity consumption) are examined with respect to the HVAC plant oversizing issue. It has been found that significant thermal stratification occurs in the gymnasium. The annual cooling load can be overestimated by 45.4% for the best exhaust position when the effect of thermal stratification is not considered. The corresponding peak cooling load and, hence, chiller plant size, will increase from 59.9 to 77.6 kW. The low energy efficiency of the oversized chiller at part-load operation results in a 7% increase in the annual energy use for the HVAC plant. |
| Author | Lam, Joseph C Chan, Apple L.S |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Joseph C surname: Lam fullname: Lam, Joseph C email: bcexem@cityu.edu.hk organization: Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong – sequence: 2 givenname: Apple L.S surname: Chan fullname: Chan, Apple L.S organization: Division of Building Science and Technology, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong |
| BookMark | eNqFkMFLwzAYxYNMcJv-CUJPoofqlyVN25PIdCoMPKjgLaTJlxFp05m0Qv97u028-l3ed_i9B-_NyMS3Hgk5p3BNgYqbV2ACUsoW7BLgCgAoT_MjMqVFzlJR8I8Jmf4hJ2QW4-fIiJLxKaHL1X2ivKqH6OL4mAQ9hs2QRNf0tepc65PWJirZDI1X0fXNKTm2qo549qtz8r56eFs-peuXx-fl3TrVHHiXZiK3aJWykNuC6txmZYlAmVaMG5ohq6wQZc6UKApDK2agwKoCTiujheIVm5OLQ-42tF89xk42Lmqsa-Wx7aNcCJHx8UYwO4A6tDEGtHIbXKPCICnI3UByP5DctZcAcj-QzEff7cGHY4tvh0FG7dBrNC6g7qRp3T8JP5lTbjE |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2009_12_007 crossref_primary_10_1002_nme_2106 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2016_05_008 crossref_primary_10_18186_thermal_847117 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2005_05_009 crossref_primary_10_4028_www_scientific_net_AMM_878_202 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_simpat_2004_10_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings13051269 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2017_04_070 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings12081269 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2014_11_033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2014_08_026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2012_11_022 crossref_primary_10_3130_aije_75_1069 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_proeng_2017_10_205 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scs_2021_102875 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2023_113370 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2021_06_398 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2021_111602 crossref_primary_10_3390_su8080732 crossref_primary_10_1108_F_02_2013_0015 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12273_020_0736_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_su16114476 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2015_07_007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2023_113625 crossref_primary_10_1177_1420326X18757835 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfoodeng_2005_03_053 crossref_primary_10_1080_00038628_2003_9697007 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2018_10_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2021_108420 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2015_03_019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rser_2020_110241 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12273_020_0639_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2013_04_026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2018_02_037 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheatmasstransfer_2017_02_030 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13762_022_04720_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2015_04_004 crossref_primary_10_3390_architecture3030022 |
| Cites_doi | 10.6028/NIST.IR.89-4211 10.1063/1.1761178 10.1115/1.3266367 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 8FD F28 FR3 |
| DOI | 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Technology Research Database ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database |
| DatabaseTitleList | Technology Research Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1873-684X |
| EndPage | 358 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_S0360_1323_00_00014_7 S0360132300000147 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M -~X .~1 0R~ 1B1 1RT 1~. 1~5 23N 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM 9JN AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAHCO AAIAV AAIKC AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAMNW AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARJD AAXUO ABFNM ABFYP ABJNI ABLST ABMAC ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACIWK ACNNM ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFRAH AFTJW AFXIZ AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHEUO AHHHB AHIDL AHJVU AI. AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AKIFW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BELTK BJAXD BKOJK BLECG BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HMC HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W JARJE JJJVA KCYFY KOM LY6 LY7 LY9 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 PC. Q38 R2- RIG RNS ROL RPZ SAC SDF SDG SDP SEN SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SSJ SSR SST SSZ T5K VH1 WUQ ZMT ~G- AAXKI AAYXX AFJKZ AKRWK CITATION 8FD F28 FR3 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c404t-567fefaaf07f81c7f599e013ca34d15e3bf66973a688d1b3d08ebb041bdc6a4b3 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0360-1323 |
| IngestDate | Sat Oct 05 05:11:05 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 26 17:21:57 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 02:36:05 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Keywords | Air stratification Computational fluid dynamics analysis BLAST energy simulation HVAC oversizing Gymnasium |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c404t-567fefaaf07f81c7f599e013ca34d15e3bf66973a688d1b3d08ebb041bdc6a4b3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
| PQID | 26654444 |
| PQPubID | 23500 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_26654444 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0360_1323_00_00014_7 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_S0360_1323_00_00014_7 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2001-04-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2001-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 2001 text: 2001-04-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationTitle | Building and environment |
| PublicationYear | 2001 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Hui, Lam (BIB24) 1992; 20 Yuill, Phillips (BIB17) 1981; 87 Lam, Lau, Yuen (BIB21) 1993 Yaghoubi, Knappmiller, Kirkpatrick (BIB12) 1995; 101 Austin (BIB2) 1991; 33 Bauman (BIB18) 1983; 105 Beyene (BIB3) 1995; 37 Knappmiller, Kirkpatrick (BIB11) 1995 Kirkpatrick, Knappmiller (BIB14) 1996; 102 Jackman (BIB22) 1990 Monteyene (BIB8) 1995; 37 Wang, Kwok, Watt (BIB9) 1985; 91 Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics, Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong (monthly publications), 1971–1993 Harlow, Welch (BIB16) 1965; 8 Lam JC, Lau TM. A Post-Processing Software for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Package EXACT3. Research Report BC/92/06, Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, 1992 (BIB5) 1991 ; vols. 1 and 2 Jouini DB. Experimental Investigation of the Ventilation Air Flow Properties in an Office Space. MSc thesis, Carleton University, 1992 Fong (BIB10) 1998 Yuill (BIB19) 1986; 28 Nomura, Kato, Sato (BIB23) 1978 Kurabuchi T, Fang JB, Grot RA. A Numerical Method for Calculating Indoor Airflows Using a Turbulence Model, NISTIR 89-4211. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1990 Said, Zhang, Shaw, Christianson (BIB13) 1995; 101 John, Campbell (BIB6) 1995 (BIB7) 1994 Bauman (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB18) 1983; 105 Yaghoubi (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB12) 1995; 101 Said (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB13) 1995; 101 Monteyene (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB8) 1995; 37 Nomura (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB23) 1978 (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB7) 1994 Beyene (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB3) 1995; 37 (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB5) 1991; vols. 1 and 2 Knappmiller (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB11) 1995 John (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB6) 1995 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB20 Hui (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB24) 1992; 20 Fong (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB10) 1998 Kirkpatrick (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB14) 1996; 102 Jackman (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB22) 1990 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB15 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB1 Wang (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB9) 1985; 91 Yuill (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB17) 1981; 87 Austin (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB2) 1991; 33 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB4 Yuill (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB19) 1986; 28 Harlow (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB16) 1965; 8 Lam (10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB21) 1993 |
| References_xml | – volume: 101 start-page: 1031 year: 1995 end-page: 1040 ident: BIB12 article-title: Three-dimensional numerical simulation of air contamination dispersal in a room publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Kirkpatrick – volume: 91 start-page: 416 year: 1985 end-page: 436 ident: BIB9 article-title: Characteristics of a space air diffusion system in an indoor sports stadium publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Watt – year: 1995 ident: BIB6 publication-title: Handbook of sports and recreational building design contributor: fullname: Campbell – volume: 105 start-page: 207 year: 1983 end-page: 216 ident: BIB18 article-title: Verification of BLAST by comparison with measurements of a solar-dominated test cell and a thermally massive building publication-title: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering contributor: fullname: Bauman – start-page: 77 year: 1993 end-page: 83 ident: BIB21 article-title: Improvements to user-friendliness of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code for simulation of air movement in buildings publication-title: Proceedings of the Third International Building Simulation Conference, Adelaide contributor: fullname: Yuen – year: 1998 ident: BIB10 publication-title: Design guide of HVAC services contributor: fullname: Fong – start-page: 67 year: 1995 end-page: 75 ident: BIB11 article-title: A numerical study comparing ADPI and ventilation effectiveness for conventional and cold-air distribution systems publication-title: Proceedings of IAQ ’95 contributor: fullname: Kirkpatrick – year: 1994<l> ident: BIB7 publication-title: BSRIA. Sports halls — heating and ventilation – volume: 33 start-page: 40 year: 1991 end-page: 43 ident: BIB2 article-title: Optimum chiller loading publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Austin – volume: 102 start-page: 3 year: 1996 end-page: 9 ident: BIB14 article-title: The ADPI of cold air jets in an enclosure publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Knappmiller – volume: 101 start-page: 1065 year: 1995 end-page: 1077 ident: BIB13 article-title: Computation of room air distribution publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Christianson – year: 1978 ident: BIB23 article-title: Study on the turbulence model boundary condition for numerical indoor air distribution analysis publication-title: Proceedings of Annual Meeting of the A.I.J. contributor: fullname: Sato – volume: 87 start-page: 1200 year: 1981 end-page: 1206 ident: BIB17 article-title: Comparison of BLAST program predictions with the energy consumptions of two buildings publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Phillips – volume: 8 start-page: 2182 year: 1965 end-page: 2189 ident: BIB16 article-title: Numerical calculation of time dependent viscous incompressible flow of fluid with free surface publication-title: Phys. Fluids contributor: fullname: Welch – volume: 37 start-page: 36 year: 1995 end-page: 44 ident: BIB3 article-title: Performance evaluation of conventional chiller systems publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Beyene – volume: vols. 1 and 2 year: 1991<l> ident: BIB5 publication-title: BLAST user reference – volume: 20 start-page: 13 year: 1992 end-page: 16 ident: BIB24 publication-title: Test Reference Year for Comparative Energy Study. Hong Kong Engineers contributor: fullname: Lam – year: 1990 ident: BIB22 publication-title: Design recommendations for room air distribution systems contributor: fullname: Jackman – volume: 37 start-page: 22 year: 1995 end-page: 32 ident: BIB8 article-title: HVAC design solutions for multi-purpose arenas publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Monteyene – volume: 28 start-page: 62 year: 1986 end-page: 70 ident: BIB19 article-title: The BLAST verification publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Yuill – ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB1 – volume: 33 start-page: 40 issue: 7 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB2 article-title: Optimum chiller loading publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Austin – year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB10 contributor: fullname: Fong – ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB15 – volume: 87 start-page: 1200 issue: 1 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB17 article-title: Comparison of BLAST program predictions with the energy consumptions of two buildings publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Yuill – ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB20 – volume: 37 start-page: 22 issue: 11 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB8 article-title: HVAC design solutions for multi-purpose arenas publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Monteyene – volume: 28 start-page: 62 issue: 1 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB19 article-title: The BLAST verification publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Yuill – start-page: 67 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB11 article-title: A numerical study comparing ADPI and ventilation effectiveness for conventional and cold-air distribution systems contributor: fullname: Knappmiller – volume: 20 start-page: 13 issue: 2 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB24 publication-title: Test Reference Year for Comparative Energy Study. Hong Kong Engineers contributor: fullname: Hui – year: 1978 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB23 article-title: Study on the turbulence model boundary condition for numerical indoor air distribution analysis contributor: fullname: Nomura – ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB4 doi: 10.6028/NIST.IR.89-4211 – volume: 8 start-page: 2182 issue: 12 year: 1965 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB16 article-title: Numerical calculation of time dependent viscous incompressible flow of fluid with free surface publication-title: Phys. Fluids doi: 10.1063/1.1761178 contributor: fullname: Harlow – volume: vols. 1 and 2 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB5 – year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB6 contributor: fullname: John – volume: 101 start-page: 1031 issue: 1 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB12 article-title: Three-dimensional numerical simulation of air contamination dispersal in a room publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Yaghoubi – volume: 105 start-page: 207 issue: 2 year: 1983 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB18 article-title: Verification of BLAST by comparison with measurements of a solar-dominated test cell and a thermally massive building publication-title: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering doi: 10.1115/1.3266367 contributor: fullname: Bauman – start-page: 77 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB21 article-title: Improvements to user-friendliness of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code for simulation of air movement in buildings contributor: fullname: Lam – year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB22 contributor: fullname: Jackman – volume: 37 start-page: 36 issue: 6 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB3 article-title: Performance evaluation of conventional chiller systems publication-title: ASHRAE Journal contributor: fullname: Beyene – volume: 91 start-page: 416 issue: 2B year: 1985 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB9 article-title: Characteristics of a space air diffusion system in an indoor sports stadium publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Wang – volume: 102 start-page: 3 issue: 1 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB14 article-title: The ADPI of cold air jets in an enclosure publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Kirkpatrick – year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB7 – volume: 101 start-page: 1065 issue: 1 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7_BIB13 article-title: Computation of room air distribution publication-title: ASHRAE Transactions contributor: fullname: Said |
| SSID | ssj0016934 |
| Score | 1.8579189 |
| Snippet | A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program EXACT3 has been applied to investigate the temperature distribution and air movement within an air-conditioned... A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, EXACT3 (EXplicit Algorithm for 3-dimensional Continuous Turbulent fluid flow), has been used to investigate the... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 351 |
| SubjectTerms | Air stratification BLAST energy simulation Computational fluid dynamics analysis Gymnasium HVAC oversizing |
| Title | CFD analysis and energy simulation of a gymnasium |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00014-7 https://search.proquest.com/docview/26654444 |
| Volume | 36 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV09T8MwELUqWGBAfIryUTIwwODWiR3bGatCVUB0gUrdLDu2UYemFW0HFn47tpNQQEJIZIqs5BS9nN6ddO_uALg0mHBDEIE80QYSxTDMqKHQJcNKUh8TgzbncUgHI3I_TscN0Kt7YbyssuL-ktMDW1cnnQrNznwy6Tw57vWFAhzy3Jj4jnLigpHz6fb7p8zDzxqpRkgh6J9ed_GUFsLhFULXwQhkv8WnH0wdwk9_F-xUeWPULT9tDzRMsQ-2v0wTPABxr38TyWrIiLvRkQmNfdFiMq2WdEUzG8no5W1ayMVkNT0Eo_7tc28Aq40IMHd4LmFKmTVWSouY5XHObJplxoGQS0x0nBqsLKUZw5JyrmOFNeJGKURipXMqicJHYKOYFeYYRJZwqRJmtdUZ0TjhJrWJsoTg3GVh3DRBu8ZBzMvBF2KtCHPACQ-cQCiUr4lgTcBrtMS3PygcOf_16kWNrnDe7UsWsjCz1UIkfjmyu07-b_wUbJW6Ma-2OQMby9eVOXeJxFK1gqe0wGb37mEw_AAwMMEB |
| link.rule.ids | 315,786,790,4521,24144,27957,27958,45620,45714 |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV05T8MwFH6CdgAGxCluMjDAYOrEju2MqFCVqwut1M2yYxt1aIpoO_DvcRKXS0JIeIos-cn6Yn3vk94FcGYJFZZiikRiLKKaE5Qxy5AXw1qx0idWuTmPPdYd0LthOlyC9qIWpkyrDNxfc3rF1mGnFdBsvYxGrSfPvWWggFQ6N6Z8GZo05TFtQPPq9r7b-wgmsIyELlIYlQc-C3lqI9XmOcYXlR3Ef3NRP8i68kCdDVgP0jG6qm-3CUu22IK1Lw0FtyFud64jFfqM-A8T2aq2L5qOxmFOVzRxkYqe38aFmo7m4x0YdG767S4KQxFQ7iGdoZRxZ51SDnMn4py7NMusxyFXhJo4tUQ7xjJOFBPCxJoYLKzWmMba5ExRTXahUUwKuweRo0LphDvjTEYNSYRNXaIdpST3QkzYfbhc4CBf6t4X8jMpzAMnS-AkxlUEm0q-D2KBlvz2E6Xn57-Oni7Qlf6Bl1ELVdjJfCqTcj6yXwf_N34KK93-44N8uO3dH8JqnUZWJt8cQWP2OrfHXlfM9El4N-_-HsO3 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CFD+analysis+and+energy+simulation+of+a+gymnasium&rft.jtitle=Building+and+environment&rft.au=Lam%2C+Joseph+C&rft.au=Chan%2C+Apple+L.S&rft.date=2001-04-01&rft.issn=0360-1323&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=351&rft.epage=358&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0360-1323%2800%2900014-7&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_S0360_1323_00_00014_7 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0360-1323&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0360-1323&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0360-1323&client=summon |