Assessment of Zn pollution sources and apportionment in agricultural soils impacted by a Zn smelter in South Korea

•Zn levels and Pb isotopes indicated soil contamination of smelter origin.•Zn was spatially distributed along prevailing wind currents and river valley.•Zn also vertically moved to a maximum depth of 60 cm.•Pb isotopes of smelter origin and geologic origin were distinct.•Pb isotopes were successfull...

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Published inJournal of hazardous materials Vol. 364; pp. 475 - 487
Main Authors Kang, Min-Ju, Kwon, Yi Kyun, Yu, Soonyoung, Lee, Pyeong-Koo, Park, Hyo-Seok, Song, Nain
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.02.2019
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Abstract •Zn levels and Pb isotopes indicated soil contamination of smelter origin.•Zn was spatially distributed along prevailing wind currents and river valley.•Zn also vertically moved to a maximum depth of 60 cm.•Pb isotopes of smelter origin and geologic origin were distinct.•Pb isotopes were successfully applied to source identification and apportionment. This study was conducted to assess the anthropogenic impact on the metal concentration in agricultural soils in the vicinity of a Zn smelter. We determined Pb isotope ratios to trace source of metals and calculate source apportionment. 19.7% of the agricultural soil samples had Zn concentrations exceeding the Korean worrisome level (WL). The isotopic variation in the contaminated agricultural soils reflected the input of contaminants derived from the Zn smelter. The spatial distribution of Zn concentrations and Pb isotopes suggested that the Zn smelter dust fallout was the major source of heavy metal pollution in the agricultural soils. Lead isotope compositions of soil horizon I was comparable to those of soil horizon II, indicating that smelter-origin Zn had migrated vertically. Binary mixing between Zn concentrates and background soils could explain the variations in Pb isotope ratios in the contaminated agricultural soils. Source apportionment calculations showed that for agricultural soils that were found to exceed the Korean countermeasure standard (CS), the average proportion of smelter-origin Zn was 45.8%–83.3% while for agricultural soils that exceeded the WL but were below the CS, the average proportion of smelter-origin Zn was 36.3%–68.1%. The remainder was derived from a geogenic source.
AbstractList •Zn levels and Pb isotopes indicated soil contamination of smelter origin.•Zn was spatially distributed along prevailing wind currents and river valley.•Zn also vertically moved to a maximum depth of 60 cm.•Pb isotopes of smelter origin and geologic origin were distinct.•Pb isotopes were successfully applied to source identification and apportionment. This study was conducted to assess the anthropogenic impact on the metal concentration in agricultural soils in the vicinity of a Zn smelter. We determined Pb isotope ratios to trace source of metals and calculate source apportionment. 19.7% of the agricultural soil samples had Zn concentrations exceeding the Korean worrisome level (WL). The isotopic variation in the contaminated agricultural soils reflected the input of contaminants derived from the Zn smelter. The spatial distribution of Zn concentrations and Pb isotopes suggested that the Zn smelter dust fallout was the major source of heavy metal pollution in the agricultural soils. Lead isotope compositions of soil horizon I was comparable to those of soil horizon II, indicating that smelter-origin Zn had migrated vertically. Binary mixing between Zn concentrates and background soils could explain the variations in Pb isotope ratios in the contaminated agricultural soils. Source apportionment calculations showed that for agricultural soils that were found to exceed the Korean countermeasure standard (CS), the average proportion of smelter-origin Zn was 45.8%–83.3% while for agricultural soils that exceeded the WL but were below the CS, the average proportion of smelter-origin Zn was 36.3%–68.1%. The remainder was derived from a geogenic source.
This study was conducted to assess the anthropogenic impact on the metal concentration in agricultural soils in the vicinity of a Zn smelter. We determined Pb isotope ratios to trace source of metals and calculate source apportionment. 19.7% of the agricultural soil samples had Zn concentrations exceeding the Korean worrisome level (WL). The isotopic variation in the contaminated agricultural soils reflected the input of contaminants derived from the Zn smelter. The spatial distribution of Zn concentrations and Pb isotopes suggested that the Zn smelter dust fallout was the major source of heavy metal pollution in the agricultural soils. Lead isotope compositions of soil horizon I was comparable to those of soil horizon II, indicating that smelter-origin Zn had migrated vertically. Binary mixing between Zn concentrates and background soils could explain the variations in Pb isotope ratios in the contaminated agricultural soils. Source apportionment calculations showed that for agricultural soils that were found to exceed the Korean countermeasure standard (CS), the average proportion of smelter-origin Zn was 45.8%-83.3% while for agricultural soils that exceeded the WL but were below the CS, the average proportion of smelter-origin Zn was 36.3%-68.1%. The remainder was derived from a geogenic source.
Author Lee, Pyeong-Koo
Kang, Min-Ju
Kwon, Yi Kyun
Park, Hyo-Seok
Song, Nain
Yu, Soonyoung
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Min-Ju
  surname: Kang
  fullname: Kang, Min-Ju
  organization: Department of Environmental Safety Diagnosis, HQ of Western Metropolitan Area, Korea Environment Corporation, 8F Gangseo IT Valley, 82 Hwagok-ro 68-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07566, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yi Kyun
  surname: Kwon
  fullname: Kwon, Yi Kyun
  organization: Department of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnamdo, 32588, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Soonyoung
  surname: Yu
  fullname: Yu, Soonyoung
  organization: Korea-CO2 Storage Environmental Management (K-COSEM) Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Pyeong-Koo
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0767-4852
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Pyeong-Koo
  email: pklee@kigam.re.kr
  organization: Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 34132, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Hyo-Seok
  surname: Park
  fullname: Park, Hyo-Seok
  organization: Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 34132, Republic of Korea
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Nain
  surname: Song
  fullname: Song, Nain
  organization: Beautiful Environmental Construction Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13207, Republic of Korea
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30384257$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Agricultural soil
Metal contamination
Source apportionment
Pb isotope
Zinc smelter
Language English
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Snippet •Zn levels and Pb isotopes indicated soil contamination of smelter origin.•Zn was spatially distributed along prevailing wind currents and river valley.•Zn...
This study was conducted to assess the anthropogenic impact on the metal concentration in agricultural soils in the vicinity of a Zn smelter. We determined Pb...
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SubjectTerms Agricultural soil
Metal contamination
Pb isotope
Source apportionment
Zinc smelter
Title Assessment of Zn pollution sources and apportionment in agricultural soils impacted by a Zn smelter in South Korea
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.046
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30384257
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2129536905
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