Pyrolysis of microalgae: A critical review
Microalgae as an environmentally friendly renewable feedstock can be processed into an array of products via conversion technologies such as algal lipid upgrading, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, and bioethanol technology. As a unique chemical reaction, pyrolysis of microalgae yields useful c...
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| Published in | Fuel processing technology Vol. 186; pp. 53 - 72 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier B.V
01.04.2019
Elsevier Science Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Microalgae as an environmentally friendly renewable feedstock can be processed into an array of products via conversion technologies such as algal lipid upgrading, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, and bioethanol technology. As a unique chemical reaction, pyrolysis of microalgae yields useful chemicals like light olefins, alkanes, syngas, and biochar, as well as the bio-oils with less oxygen, more hydrocarbons, and higher gross heating values than the bio-oils derived from cellulosic biomass. The article reviews direct pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae, pyrolytic products, reaction mechanisms, and upgrading of microalgal bio-oils. Based on critical analyses of the state-of-the-art developments in this field, the article provides the following perspectives. The current major bottleneck of microalgal technologies is still the productivity, which makes microalgae less abundant than cellulosic biomass at this stage. Biorefinery of microalgae shall be further developed to produce multiple products from various microalgal species. Determination of high value-added chemicals that can be produced from microalgae, especially from microalgal proteins, might significantly promote the development of the conversion technologies and related catalytic science. Designing novel catalysts for the selective conversion of microalgae into fine chemicals may increase the effective use of microalgae and the economics of the process. With the advancement of science and technology, catalytic pyrolysis technology has the potential to process microalgae into biofuels and fine chemicals.
•Critically analyzing the state-of-the-art developments in pyrolysis processes of microalgae•The impact of the biochemical composition of microalgae on pyrolytic products are discussed.•Mechanisms of direct and catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae are summarized.•Perspectives of this technology are presented. |
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| AbstractList | Microalgae as an environmentally friendly renewable feedstock can be processed into an array of products via conversion technologies such as algal lipid upgrading, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, and bioethanol technology. As a unique chemical reaction, pyrolysis of microalgae yields useful chemicals like light olefins, alkanes, syngas, and biochar, as well as the bio-oils with less oxygen, more hydrocarbons, and higher gross heating values than the bio-oils derived from cellulosic biomass. The article reviews direct pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae, pyrolytic products, reaction mechanisms, and upgrading of microalgal bio-oils. Based on critical analyses of the state-of-the-art developments in this field, the article provides the following perspectives. The current major bottleneck of microalgal technologies is still the productivity, which makes microalgae less abundant than cellulosic biomass at this stage. Biorefinery of microalgae shall be further developed to produce multiple products from various microalgal species. Determination of high value-added chemicals that can be produced from microalgae, especially from microalgal proteins, might significantly promote the development of the conversion technologies and related catalytic science. Designing novel catalysts for the selective conversion of microalgae into fine chemicals may increase the effective use of microalgae and the economics of the process. With the advancement of science and technology, catalytic pyrolysis technology has the potential to process microalgae into biofuels and fine chemicals. Microalgae as an environmentally friendly renewable feedstock can be processed into an array of products via conversion technologies such as algal lipid upgrading, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, and bioethanol technology. As a unique chemical reaction, pyrolysis of microalgae yields useful chemicals like light olefins, alkanes, syngas, and biochar, as well as the bio-oils with less oxygen, more hydrocarbons, and higher gross heating values than the bio-oils derived from cellulosic biomass. The article reviews direct pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae, pyrolytic products, reaction mechanisms, and upgrading of microalgal bio-oils. Based on critical analyses of the state-of-the-art developments in this field, the article provides the following perspectives. The current major bottleneck of microalgal technologies is still the productivity, which makes microalgae less abundant than cellulosic biomass at this stage. Biorefinery of microalgae shall be further developed to produce multiple products from various microalgal species. Determination of high value-added chemicals that can be produced from microalgae, especially from microalgal proteins, might significantly promote the development of the conversion technologies and related catalytic science. Designing novel catalysts for the selective conversion of microalgae into fine chemicals may increase the effective use of microalgae and the economics of the process. With the advancement of science and technology, catalytic pyrolysis technology has the potential to process microalgae into biofuels and fine chemicals. •Critically analyzing the state-of-the-art developments in pyrolysis processes of microalgae•The impact of the biochemical composition of microalgae on pyrolytic products are discussed.•Mechanisms of direct and catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae are summarized.•Perspectives of this technology are presented. |
| Author | Qiu, Qi Ding, Yigang Yang, Changyan Wang, Baowei Li, Rui Zhang, Bo Wang, Cunwen Yang, Hui |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Changyan surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Changyan organization: Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Chemical Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Rui surname: Li fullname: Li, Rui organization: College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Bo surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Bo email: bzhang_wh@foxmail.com organization: Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Chemical Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Qi surname: Qiu fullname: Qiu, Qi organization: College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Baowei surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Baowei organization: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Hui surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Hui organization: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Jiangsu, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Yigang surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Yigang organization: Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Chemical Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Cunwen surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Cunwen organization: Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Chemical Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Hubei, China |
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| Snippet | Microalgae as an environmentally friendly renewable feedstock can be processed into an array of products via conversion technologies such as algal lipid... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algae Alkanes Alkenes Bio-oil Biochar bioethanol Biomass biorefining catalysts Catalytic converters Chemical reactions Conversion feedstocks Fine chemicals Gasification Lipids Liquefaction Mechanism Microalgae Organic chemistry oxygen Proteins Pyrolysis Reaction mechanisms Synthesis gas value added |
| Title | Pyrolysis of microalgae: A critical review |
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