Investigation of the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior and Passive Film for Fe-Mn, Fe-Mn-Al, and Fe-Mn-Al-Cr Alloys in Aqueous Solutions
INTRODUCTIONThe corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr, were studied by anodic polarization and Auger electron spectroscopic/x-ray...
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| Published in | Corrosion (Houston, Tex.) Vol. 54; no. 1; pp. 3 - 12 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Houston, TX
NACE International
01.01.1998
NACE |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0010-9312 1938-159X |
| DOI | 10.5006/1.3284826 |
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| Abstract | INTRODUCTIONThe corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr, were studied by anodic polarization and Auger electron spectroscopic/x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (AES/XPS) analysis. Binary Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-0.15 wt% C alloys passivated with difficultly in 1 mol/L sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution. Mn was greatly detrimental to the corrosion resistance of mild steel. Corrosion current density (Icorr) decreased, and the corrosion potential (Ecorr) increased with increasing Al or Cr content in the Fe-Mn-based alloys, Polarization curves exhibited a stable passive region for Al or Cr concentrations > ~ 5 wt%. Appropriate combinations of Al and Cr added to Fe-Mn alloys obviously promoted electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloys. The passivation characteristics in Na2SO4 solution of Fe-25% Mn-5% Al, Fe-30% Mn-9.2% Al, and Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr or Fe-31% Mn-2.7% Al-7.5% Cr were comparable to those of mild steel, Fe-9% Ni-0.13% C steel, and Fe-13% Cr0.1% C stainless steel (SS), respectively. All the experimental Fe-Mn-based alloys and steels showed no passivation in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. In rainwater, the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy exhibited a broad passive region with a critical current density < 5 µA/cm2, and no active region was apparent. The passive film formed on the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy in Na2SO4 solution consisted of three parts: bound water and hydroxides probably were present at the surface; the outer portion of film was made up. For economic and strategic reasons, development of a new austenitic Fe-Mn-Al steel system as a substitute for conventional Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel (SS) has been an interesting subject in the field of metallic materials. Since the 1960s, Zhang, et al., have investigated austenitic Fe-Mn-based alloys containing Al or Al and Cr.1-10 Several steels of optimal compositions have been used successfully as nonmagnetic or cryogenic steels in industry in China for > 12 years. Recent investigation has led to development of some new functional alloys with the Fe-Mn-Al base.11-15 The requirements for corrosion resistance of nonmagnetic and cryogenic steels or some functional alloys, in general, are lower than those of SS. As for corrosion properties of Fe-Mn-Al alloys, there are conflicting reports about their corrosion resistance in acid or chloride solutions. Wang and Beck showed that the corrosion rate of the Fe-30% Mn-10% Al-1% Si alloy in artificial seawater was somewhat lower than that of 18% Cr-9% Ni-Ti SS (type 321 SS [UNS |
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| AbstractList | The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17-31 wt.%) Mn-(1-9 wt.%) Al-(1-7 wt.%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr, were studied by anodic polarization and Auger electron spectrscopic/x-ray photo-electron spectroscopic (AES/XPS) analysis. Binary Fe-(17-31 wt.%) Mn-0.15 wt.% C alloys passivated with difficulty in 1 mol/L sodium sulfate (Na sub 2 SO sub 4 ) solution. Manganese was greatly detrimental to the corrosion resistance of mild steel. Corrosion current density (I sub corr ) decreased, and the corrosion potential (E sub corr ) increased with increasing Al or Cr content in the Fe-Mn-based alloys. Polarization curves exhibited a stable passive region for Al and Cr added to Fe-Mn alloys obviously promoted electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloys. The passivation characteristics in Na sub 2 SO sub 4 solution of Fe-25% Mn-5% Al, Fe-30% Mn-9.2% Al, and Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr or Fe-31% Mn-2.7% Al-7.5% Cr were comparable to those of mild steel, Fe-9% Ni-0.13% C steel, and Fe-13% Cr-0.1% C stainless steel (SS), respectively. All the experimental Fe-Mn-based alloys and steels showed no passivation in 3.5 wt.% sodium choloride (NaCl) solution. In rainwater, the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy exhibited a broad passive region with a critical current density < 5 mu A/cm exp 2 , and no active region was apparent. The passive film formed on the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy in Na sub 2 SO sub 4 solution consisted of three parts: bound water and hydroxides probably were present at the surface; the outer portion of film was made up of a mixture of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al oxides; and a transition region existed, consisting of low valence oxides and metallic Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al between the passive film and the matrix. The corrosion resistance probably was imparted by a barrier film of bound water, hydroxide, and oxides of Cr, Al, and Fe. The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr, were studied by anodic polarization and Auger electron spectroscopic/x-ray photo-electron spectroscopic (AES/XPS) analysis. Binary Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-0.15 wt% C alloys passivated with difficultly in 1 mol/L sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution. Mn was greatly detrimental to the corrosion resistance of mild steel. Corrosion current density (Icorr) decreased, and the corrosion potential (Ecorr) increased with increasing Al or Cr content in the Fe-Mn-based alloys, Polarization curves exhibited a stable passive region for Al or Cr concentrations > ∼ 5 wt%. Appropriate combinations of Al and Cr added to Fe-Mn alloys obviously promoted electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloys. The passivation characteristics in Na2SO4 solution of Fe-25% Mn-5% Al, Fe-30% Mn-9.2% Al, and Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr or Fe-31% Mn-2.7% Al-7.5% Cr were comparable to those of mild steel, Fe-9% Ni-0.13% C steel, and Fe-13% Cr-0.1% C stainless steel (SS), respectively. All the experimental Fe-Mn-based alloys and steels showed no passivation in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. In rainwater, the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy exhibited a broad passive region with a critical current density < 5 μA/cm2, and no active region was apparent. The passive film formed on the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy in Na2SO4 solution consisted of three parts: bound water and hydroxides probably were present at the surface; the outer portion of film was made up of a mixture of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al oxides; and a transition region existed, consisting of low valence oxides and metallic Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al between the passive film and the matrix. The corrosion resistance probably was imparted by a barrier film of bound water, hydroxide, and oxides of Cr, Al, and Fe. INTRODUCTIONThe corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr, were studied by anodic polarization and Auger electron spectroscopic/x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (AES/XPS) analysis. Binary Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-0.15 wt% C alloys passivated with difficultly in 1 mol/L sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution. Mn was greatly detrimental to the corrosion resistance of mild steel. Corrosion current density (Icorr) decreased, and the corrosion potential (Ecorr) increased with increasing Al or Cr content in the Fe-Mn-based alloys, Polarization curves exhibited a stable passive region for Al or Cr concentrations > ~ 5 wt%. Appropriate combinations of Al and Cr added to Fe-Mn alloys obviously promoted electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloys. The passivation characteristics in Na2SO4 solution of Fe-25% Mn-5% Al, Fe-30% Mn-9.2% Al, and Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr or Fe-31% Mn-2.7% Al-7.5% Cr were comparable to those of mild steel, Fe-9% Ni-0.13% C steel, and Fe-13% Cr0.1% C stainless steel (SS), respectively. All the experimental Fe-Mn-based alloys and steels showed no passivation in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. In rainwater, the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy exhibited a broad passive region with a critical current density < 5 µA/cm2, and no active region was apparent. The passive film formed on the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy in Na2SO4 solution consisted of three parts: bound water and hydroxides probably were present at the surface; the outer portion of film was made up. For economic and strategic reasons, development of a new austenitic Fe-Mn-Al steel system as a substitute for conventional Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel (SS) has been an interesting subject in the field of metallic materials. Since the 1960s, Zhang, et al., have investigated austenitic Fe-Mn-based alloys containing Al or Al and Cr.1-10 Several steels of optimal compositions have been used successfully as nonmagnetic or cryogenic steels in industry in China for > 12 years. Recent investigation has led to development of some new functional alloys with the Fe-Mn-Al base.11-15 The requirements for corrosion resistance of nonmagnetic and cryogenic steels or some functional alloys, in general, are lower than those of SS. As for corrosion properties of Fe-Mn-Al alloys, there are conflicting reports about their corrosion resistance in acid or chloride solutions. Wang and Beck showed that the corrosion rate of the Fe-30% Mn-10% Al-1% Si alloy in artificial seawater was somewhat lower than that of 18% Cr-9% Ni-Ti SS (type 321 SS [UNS The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr, were studied by anodic polarization and Auger electron spectroscopic/x-ray photo-electron spectroscopic (AES/XPS) analysis. Binary Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-0.15 wt% C alloys passivated with difficultly in 1 mol/L sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution. Mn was greatly detrimental to the corrosion resistance of mild steel. Corrosion current density (Icorr) decreased, and the corrosion potential (Ecorr) increased with increasing Al or Cr content in the Fe-Mn-based alloys, Polarization curves exhibited a stable passive region for Al or Cr concentrations > ~ 5 wt%. Appropriate combinations of Al and Cr added to Fe-Mn alloys obviously promoted electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloys. The passivation characteristics in Na2SO4 solution of Fe-25% Mn-5% Al, Fe-30% Mn-9.2% Al, and Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr or Fe-31% Mn-2.7% Al-7.5% Cr were comparable to those of mild steel, Fe-9% Ni-0.13% C steel, and Fe-13% Cr-0.1% C stainless steel (SS), respectively. All the experimental Fe-Mn-based alloys and steels showed no passivation in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. In rainwater, the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy exhibited a broad passive region with a critical current density < 5 μA/cm2, and no active region was apparent. The passive film formed on the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy in Na2SO4 solution consisted of three parts: bound water and hydroxides probably were present at the surface; the outer portion of film was made up of a mixture of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al oxides; and a transition region existed, consisting of low valence oxides and metallic Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al between the passive film and the matrix. The corrosion resistance probably was imparted by a barrier film of bound water, hydroxide, and oxides of Cr, Al, and Fe. The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection mechanism induced by adding Al or Al and Cr, were studied by anodic polarization and Auger electron spectroscopic/x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (AES/XPS) analysis. Binary Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-0.15 wt% C alloys passivated with difficulty in 1 mol/L sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution. Mn was greatly detrimental to the corrosion resistance of mild steel. Corrosion current density (Icorr) decreased, and the corrosion potential (Ecorr) increased with increasing Al or Cr content in the Fe-Mn-based alloys. Polarization curves exhibited a stable passive region for Al or Cr concentrations > ~ 5 wt%. Appropriate combinations of Al and Cr added to Fe-Mn alloys obviously promoted electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloys. The passivation characteristics in Na2SO4 solution of Fe-25% Mn-5% Al, Fe-30% Mn-9.2% Al, and Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr or Fe-31% Mn-2.7% Al-7.5% Cr were comparable to those of mild steel, Fe-9% Ni-0.13% C steel, and Fe-13% Cr-0.1% C stainless steel (SS), respectively. All the experimental Fe-Mn-based alloys and steels showed no passivation in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. In rainwater, the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy exhibited a broad passive region with a critical current density < < 5 muA/cm2, and no active region was apparent. The passive film formed on the Fe-24% Mn-4% Al-5% Cr alloy in Na2SO4 solution consisted of three parts: bound water and hydroxides probably were present at the surface; the outer portion of film was made up of a mixture of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al oxides; and a transition region existed, consisting of low valence oxides and metallic Fe, Mn, Cr, and Al between the passive film and the matrix. The corrosion resistance probably was imparted by a barrier film of bound water, hydroxide, and oxides of Cr, Al, an |
| Author | Zhu, X.M. Zhang, Y.S. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/BF01161451 10.1016/0025-5416(86)90091-1 10.1002/maco.19820330506 10.1088/0953-8984/2/50/007 10.1149/1.2115795 10.1088/0305-4608/18/10/002 10.1088/0953-8984/2/8/008 10.1016/0257-8972(86)90056-3 10.1002/srin.199301572 |
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| Keywords | Polarization diagram Electrochemical corrosion Surface layer Composition effect Aluminium addition Corrosion protection Passivity Corrosion resistance Sodium sulfate Austenitic alloy Corrosion current Aqueous solution Chromium addition Iron base alloys Passivation |
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| Snippet | INTRODUCTIONThe corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the... The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17 wt% to 31 wt%) Mn-(1 wt% to 9 wt%) Al-(1 wt% to 7 wt%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion... The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe-(17-31 wt.%) Mn-(1-9 wt.%) Al-(1-7 wt.%) Cr alloys in different aqueous solutions and the corrosion protection... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alloy steels Alloys Aluminum base alloys Anodic polarization Applied sciences Aqueous solutions Bound water Chromium Corrosion Corrosion currents Corrosion environments Corrosion mechanisms Corrosion potential Corrosion prevention Corrosion resistance Corrosion resistant alloys Corrosion resistant steels Critical current density Current density Electrochemical corrosion Electrochemistry Electrode polarization Electron spectroscopy Exact sciences and technology Ferrous alloys Hydroxides Iron Low carbon steels Manganese Manganese base alloys Metals. Metallurgy Nickel Oxides Passivity Polarization Rain Sodium Sodium chloride Sodium sulfate Stainless steel Stainless steels Steel |
| Title | Investigation of the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior and Passive Film for Fe-Mn, Fe-Mn-Al, and Fe-Mn-Al-Cr Alloys in Aqueous Solutions |
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