Analysis of individual alpha frequency in a large cohort from a tertiary memory center

• Published in: European journal of neurology Vol. 31; no. 10; pp. e16424 - n/a
• Main Authors: Cecchetti, Giordano, Agosta, Federica, Canu, Elisa, Basaia, Silvia, Rugarli, Giulia, Curti, Davide G., Coraglia, Federico, Cursi, Marco, Spinelli, Edoardo G., Santangelo, Roberto, Caso, Francesca, Fanelli, Giovanna Franca, Magnani, Giuseppe, Filippi, Massimo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.10.2024; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Abnormalities; Alzheimer disease; Alzheimer's disease; Biomarkers; Cerebrospinal fluid; Cognitive ability; Cost analysis; Dementia; Dementia and Cognitive Disorders; Dementia disorders; Diagnosis; differential diagnosis; EEG; Electroencephalography; individual alpha frequency; Lewy bodies; Memory; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Patients; Short Communication; differential diagnosis; Alzheimer disease; individual alpha frequency; EEG; biomarkers
• DOI: 10.1111/ene.16424
• ISSN: 1351-5101; 1468-1331

Background and Purpose Precise and timely diagnosis is crucial for the optimal use of emerging disease‐modifying treatments for Alzheimer disease (AD). Electroencephalography (EEG), which is noninvasive and cost‐effective, can capture neural abnormalities linked to various dementias. This study explores the use of individual alpha frequency (IAF) derived from EEG as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in cognitively impaired patients. Methods This retrospective study included 375 patients from the tertiary Memory Clinic of IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. Participants underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments, brain imaging, cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis, and resting‐state EEG. Patients were categorized by amyloid status, the AT(N) classification system, clinical diagnosis, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progression to AD dementia. IAF was calculated and compared among study groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate its discriminative performance. Results IAF was higher in amyloid‐negative subjects and varied significantly across AT(N) groups. ROC analysis confirmed IAF's ability to distinguish A–T–N– from the A+T+N+ and A+T–N+ groups. IAF was lower in AD and Lewy body dementia patients compared to MCI and other dementia types, with moderate discriminatory capability. Among A+ MCI patients, IAF was significantly lower in those who converted to AD within 2 years compared to stable MCI patients and predicted time to conversion (p < 0.001, R = 0.38). Conclusions IAF is a valuable tool for dementia diagnosis and prognosis, correlating with amyloid status and neurodegeneration. It effectively predicts MCI progression to AD, supporting its use in early, targeted interventions in the context of disease‐modifying treatments.