Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age
Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of diff...
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Published in | Canadian journal of forest research Vol. 35; no. 6; pp. 1314 - 1318 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Ottawa, Canada
NRC Research Press
01.06.2005
National Research Council of Canada Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press |
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Abstract | Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height. |
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AbstractList | Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height. Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.Original Abstract: Il a ete demontre que l'infection du pin lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) par la rouille-tumeur autonome diminue avec la hauteur et l'age des arbres mais on ne connait pas l'effet de ces deux facteurs pris separement. Cinq inoculations artificielles ont ete faites sur un total de 327 arbres de differents ages repartis dans deux classes de hauteur. la temperature et le pourcentage de germination des spores A la hauteur des inoculations, l'etat de developpement des pousses (l'elongation des pousses au moment de l'inoculation exprimee comme une proportion de l'elongation finale des pousses), la longueur de la pousse terminale au moment de l'inoculation, la hauteur et l'age des arbres ont ete mesures. Selon le modele utilise, le pourcentage d'arbres infectes et le nombre de galles par 10 cm de longueur de pousse ont respectivement diminue de 85 % et 88 % avec l'augmentation de l'age entre deux et 10 ans; une indication que l'eclaircie precommerciale agressive et precoce des peuplements de pin lodgepole n'est pas souhaitable dans les zones ou la rouille-tumeur autonome est commune. En contrOlant ou en tenant statistiquement compte de l'inoculum, du microclimat et de la phenologie, il a ete possible de demontrer que les changements dans la susceptibilite dus A l'age des arbres sont suffisants pour expliquer la reduction de l'infection qui est associee A la hauteur des arbres.[Traduit par la Redaction] |
Abstract_FL | Il a été démontré que l'infection du pin lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) par la rouille-tumeur autonome diminue avec la hauteur et l'âge des arbres mais on ne connaît pas l'effet de ces deux facteurs pris séparément. Cinq inoculations artificielles ont été faites sur un total de 327 arbres de différents âges répartis dans deux classes de hauteur. La température et le pourcentage de germination des spores à la hauteur des inoculations, l'état de développement des pousses (l'élongation des pousses au moment de l'inoculation exprimée comme une proportion de l'élongation finale des pousses), la longueur de la pousse terminale au moment de l'inoculation, la hauteur et l'âge des arbres ont été mesurés. Selon le modèle utilisé, le pourcentage d'arbres infectés et le nombre de galles par 10 cm de longueur de pousse ont respectivement diminué de 85 % et 88 % avec l'augmentation de l'âge entre deux et 10 ans; une indication que l'éclaircie précommerciale agressive et précoce des peuplements de pin lodgepole n'est pas souhaitable dans les zones où la rouille-tumeur autonome est commune. En contrôlant ou en tenant statistiquement compte de l'inoculum, du microclimat et de la phénologie, il a été possible de démontrer que les changements dans la susceptibilité dus à l'âge des arbres sont suffisants pour expliquer la réduction de l'infection qui est associée à la hauteur des arbres.[Traduit par la Rédaction] |
Author | Li, W Blenis, P.V |
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Keywords | Infection modality Plant pathology Plant pathogen Mycosis Growth Silviculture Temperature effect Pinus contorta Basidiomycetes Environmental factor Microclimate Epidemiology Stem Forest pathology Fungi Softwood forest tree Gymnospermae Influence factor Age Plant height Thallophyta Phytoclimate Pathophysiology Tree classes Forest tree Parasitic rust Woody plant Morbidity Infection Height increment Decrease Vegetative apparatus Forestry Concentration effect Forest thinning Coniferales Spermatophyta Shoot Inoculum |
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References | van der Kamp B.J. (p_11/p_11_1) 1995; 25 Gross H.L. (p_3/p_3_1) 1983; 59 Peterson R.S. (p_7/p_7_1) 1971; 55 Patton R.F. (p_6/p_6_1) 1961; 51 van der Kamp B.J. (p_10/p_10_1) 1987; 64 Moltzan B.D. (p_5/p_5_1) 2001; 85 van der Kamp B.J. (p_9/p_9_1) 1988; 72 Zagory D. (p_12/p_12_1) 1985; 75 Blenis P.V. (p_1/p_1_1) 1997; 27 True R. (p_8/p_8_1) 1938; 28 |
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Snippet | Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age,... |
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SubjectTerms | Age air temperature Biological and medical sciences disease incidence Endocronartium harknessii forest trees Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungal plant pathogens microclimate Pathology, epidemiology, host-fungus relationships. Damages, economic importance phenology Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Pinus contorta Plant growth plant pathogenic fungi Plant pathology Plant resistance rust diseases spore germination tree age tree growth tree trunk Trees |
Title | Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age |
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