Rapid measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike T cells in whole blood from vaccinated and naturally infected individuals
Defining the correlates of protection necessary to manage the COVID-19 pandemic requires the analysis of both antibody and T cell parameters, but the complexity of traditional tests limits virus-specific T cell measurements. We tested the sensitivity and performance of a simple and rapid SARS-CoV-2...
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Published in | The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 131; no. 17; pp. 1 - 13 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
American Society for Clinical Investigation
01.09.2021
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Abstract | Defining the correlates of protection necessary to manage the COVID-19 pandemic requires the analysis of both antibody and T cell parameters, but the complexity of traditional tests limits virus-specific T cell measurements. We tested the sensitivity and performance of a simple and rapid SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific T cell test based on the stimulation of whole blood with peptides covering the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, followed by cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2) measurement in different cohorts including BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals (n = 112), convalescent asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients (n = 130), and SARS-CoV-1-convalescent individuals (n = 12). The sensitivity of this rapid test is comparable to that of traditional methods of T cell analysis (ELISPOT, activation-induced marker). Using this test, we observed a similar mean magnitude of T cell responses between the vaccinees and SARS-CoV-2 convalescents 3 months after vaccination or virus priming. However, a wide heterogeneity of the magnitude of spike-specific T cell responses characterized the individual responses, irrespective of the time of analysis. The magnitude of these spike-specific T cell responses cannot be predicted from the neutralizing antibody levels. Hence, both humoral and cellular spike-specific immunity should be tested after vaccination to define the correlates of protection necessary to evaluate current vaccine strategies. |
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AbstractList | Defining the correlates of protection necessary to manage the COVID-19 pandemic requires the analysis of both antibody and T cell parameters, but the complexity of traditional tests limits virus-specific T cell measurements. We tested the sensitivity and performance of a simple and rapid SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific T cell test based on the stimulation of whole blood with peptides covering the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, followed by cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2) measurement in different cohorts including BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals (n = 112), convalescent asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients (n = 130), and SARS-CoV-1-convalescent individuals (n = 12). The sensitivity of this rapid test is comparable to that of traditional methods of T cell analysis (ELISPOT, activation-induced marker). Using this test, we observed a similar mean magnitude of T cell responses between the vaccinees and SARS-CoV-2 convalescents 3 months after vaccination or virus priming. However, a wide heterogeneity of the magnitude of spike-specific T cell responses characterized the individual responses, irrespective of the time of analysis. The magnitude of these spike-specific T cell responses cannot be predicted from the neutralizing antibody levels. Hence, both humoral and cellular spike-specific immunity should be tested after vaccination to define the correlates of protection necessary to evaluate current vaccine strategies. Defining the correlates of protection necessary to manage the COVID-19 pandemic requires the analysis of both antibody and T cell parameters, but the complexity of traditional tests limits virus-specific T cell measurements. We tested the sensitivity and performance of a simple and rapid SARS-CoV-2 spike protein–specific T cell test based on the stimulation of whole blood with peptides covering the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, followed by cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2) measurement in different cohorts including BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals ( n = 112), convalescent asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients ( n = 130), and SARS-CoV-1–convalescent individuals ( n = 12). The sensitivity of this rapid test is comparable to that of traditional methods of T cell analysis (ELISPOT, activation-induced marker). Using this test, we observed a similar mean magnitude of T cell responses between the vaccinees and SARS-CoV-2 convalescents 3 months after vaccination or virus priming. However, a wide heterogeneity of the magnitude of spike-specific T cell responses characterized the individual responses, irrespective of the time of analysis. The magnitude of these spike-specific T cell responses cannot be predicted from the neutralizing antibody levels. Hence, both humoral and cellular spike–specific immunity should be tested after vaccination to define the correlates of protection necessary to evaluate current vaccine strategies. |
Author | Tan, Anthony T de Alwis, Ruklanthi Tan, Nicole Chen, Mark I-Cheng Chia, Wan Ni Young, Barnaby E Qui, Martin Dc Lim, Joey Me Sim, Jean Xy Wang, Lin-Fa Ying, Ding Kunasegaran, Kamini Ooi, Eng Eong Bertoletti, Antonio Le Bert, Nina Hsu, Li Yang Low, Jenny Gh Chia, Adeline Lye, David C |
AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 9 Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore 8 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 6 Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 2 Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 5 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore 7 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 3 National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore – name: 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – name: 6 Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore – name: 7 Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore – name: 2 Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore – name: 9 Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore – name: 3 National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore – name: 5 Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore – name: 8 Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Anthony T surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Anthony T organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 2 givenname: Joey Me surname: Lim fullname: Lim, Joey Me organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 3 givenname: Nina surname: Le Bert fullname: Le Bert, Nina organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 4 givenname: Kamini surname: Kunasegaran fullname: Kunasegaran, Kamini organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 5 givenname: Adeline surname: Chia fullname: Chia, Adeline organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 6 givenname: Martin Dc surname: Qui fullname: Qui, Martin Dc organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 7 givenname: Nicole surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Nicole organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 8 givenname: Wan Ni surname: Chia fullname: Chia, Wan Ni organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 9 givenname: Ruklanthi surname: de Alwis fullname: de Alwis, Ruklanthi organization: Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre (ViREMiCS), SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore – sequence: 10 givenname: Ding surname: Ying fullname: Ying, Ding organization: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore – sequence: 11 givenname: Jean Xy surname: Sim fullname: Sim, Jean Xy organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 12 givenname: Eng Eong surname: Ooi fullname: Ooi, Eng Eong organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 13 givenname: Lin-Fa surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Lin-Fa organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore – sequence: 14 givenname: Mark I-Cheng surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Mark I-Cheng organization: National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID), Singapore – sequence: 15 givenname: Barnaby E surname: Young fullname: Young, Barnaby E organization: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore – sequence: 16 givenname: Li Yang surname: Hsu fullname: Hsu, Li Yang organization: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore – sequence: 17 givenname: Jenny Gh surname: Low fullname: Low, Jenny Gh organization: Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore – sequence: 18 givenname: David C surname: Lye fullname: Lye, David C organization: Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore – sequence: 19 givenname: Antonio surname: Bertoletti fullname: Bertoletti, Antonio organization: Singapore Immunology Network, ASTAR, Singapore |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34623327$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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References | 34907916 - J Clin Invest. 2021 Dec 15;131(24) Goletti (B18) 2005; 12 B21 Reynolds (B26) B22 B23 B24 Murugesan (B20) B25 B27 B28 B29 Kalimuddin (B16) 2021; 2 Sherina (B15) 2021; 2 B30 B31 B32 B11 B33 B12 B34 B13 B35 B14 B36 B17 B19 B1 B2 B3 B4 Sahin (B10) B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Antibodies Antigens Asymptomatic Biomedical research BNT162 Vaccine Cell activation Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 vaccines COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage Cytokines Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Female Humans Humoral immunity Immunity, Cellular - drug effects Infections Interleukin 2 Laboratories Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Male Middle Aged Pandemics Peptides Proteins SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 - metabolism Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - blood Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology Spike protein T-Lymphocytes - immunology T-Lymphocytes - metabolism Vaccination Viral infections γ-Interferon |
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Title | Rapid measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike T cells in whole blood from vaccinated and naturally infected individuals |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34623327 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2569413451 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2580693358 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8409582 |
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