Trace Elements in Stenella coeruleoalba : Assessment of Marine Environmental Pollution and Dolphin Health Status

Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin ( ) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be...

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Published inAnimals (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 11; p. 1514
Main Authors Naccari, Clara, Ferrantelli, Vincenzo, Cammilleri, Gaetano, Ruga, Stefano, Castagna, Fabio, Bava, Roberto, Palma, Ernesto
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 21.05.2024
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Abstract Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin ( ) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of . The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: Zn/ Hg, Se/ Hg, Cu/ Hg and Zn/ Cr, Se/ Cr, Cu/ Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.
AbstractList Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin ( ) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of . The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: Zn/ Hg, Se/ Hg, Cu/ Hg and Zn/ Cr, Se/ Cr, Cu/ Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.
Metals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that can be easily accumulated and biomagnified in various fishes and mammalian species at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is considered to be a sentinel species of marine environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess, through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, the concentrations of toxic metals and metalloids, essential micro- and macro-elements in organs/tissues of Stenella coeruleoalba. Considering the low content of toxic metals and metalloids found, the analysis of some specific parameters was carried out: the marine pollution index (MPI) underlines the key role of dolphins to assess marine pollution, while the coefficient of condition (K) and the complete mineral profile are predictive of dolphins good health status. However, the correlations among toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, have shown that toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the analyzed essential metals. Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of Stenella coeruleoalba. The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the Stenella coeruleoalba samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: [sup.66]Zn/[sup.201]Hg, [sup.82]Se/[sup.201]Hg, [sup.63]Cu/[sup.201]Hg and [sup.66]Zn/[sup.52]Cr, [sup.82]Se/[sup.52]Cr, [sup.63]Cu/[sup.52]Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.
Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of Stenella coeruleoalba. The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the Stenella coeruleoalba samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: 66Zn/201Hg, 82Se/201Hg, 63Cu/201Hg and 66Zn/52Cr, 82Se/52Cr, 63Cu/52Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of Stenella coeruleoalba. The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the Stenella coeruleoalba samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: 66Zn/201Hg, 82Se/201Hg, 63Cu/201Hg and 66Zn/52Cr, 82Se/52Cr, 63Cu/52Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.
Simple SummaryMetals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that can be easily accumulated and biomagnified in various fishes and mammalian species at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is considered to be a sentinel species of marine environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to assess, through Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, the concentrations of toxic metals and metalloids, essential micro- and macro-elements in organs/tissues of Stenella coeruleoalba. Considering the low content of toxic metals and metalloids found, the analysis of some specific parameters was carried out: the marine pollution index (MPI) underlines the key role of dolphins to assess marine pollution, while the coefficient of condition (K) and the complete mineral profile are predictive of dolphins good health status. However, the correlations among toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, have shown that toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the analyzed essential metals.AbstractHeavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of Stenella coeruleoalba. The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the Stenella coeruleoalba samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: 66Zn/201Hg, 82Se/201Hg, 63Cu/201Hg and 66Zn/52Cr, 82Se/52Cr, 63Cu/52Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.
Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the aquatic food chain. Among marine mammalians, the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is the most abundant cetacean in the Mediterranean Sea and is considered to be a sentinel species to monitor the environmental marine pollution. In this study, the contents of toxic metals and metalloids (Cd, Pb, Hg, and As), micro-elements (Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, Se and Zn) and macro-elements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P) were evaluated by ICP-MS analysis in several organs/tissues (lung, skin, muscle and liver) of Stenella coeruleoalba. The assessment of marine environmental pollution and dolphins health status was carried out through further analysis of the same specific parameters such as the metal pollution index (MPI) and coefficient of condition (K). Finally, the correlation between toxic metals and metalloids and essential micro-elements, expressed as molar ratios, was analyzed to evaluate the detoxifying ability (effectiveness) of Zn, Se and Cu. Data obtained showed the presence of toxic metals and metalloids analyzed in the Stenella coeruleoalba samples but the MPI values suggested a low environmental contamination of the Mediterranean Sea where dolphins lived. The content of micro- and macro-elements was found to be in a normal range for this species and predictive of dolphins good health status, as confirmed by the coefficient of condition K. However, the correlation between toxic and essential metals, expressed as molar ratios, showed that the following toxic metals cannot be detoxified by the essential metals: 66Zn/201Hg, 82Se/201Hg, 63Cu/201Hg and 66Zn/52Cr, 82Se/52Cr, 63Cu/52Cr. Therefore, this study highlights the key role of dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba to assess marine pollution and the importance of analyzing the complete mineral profile to evaluate the animal health status.
Audience Academic
Author Ruga, Stefano
Palma, Ernesto
Bava, Roberto
Castagna, Fabio
Naccari, Clara
Cammilleri, Gaetano
Ferrantelli, Vincenzo
AuthorAffiliation 1 Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; rugast@gmail.com (S.R.); castagnafabio@yahoo.it (F.C.); roberto.bava@unicz.it (R.B.); palma@unicz.it (E.P.)
2 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; vincenzo.ferrantelli@izssicilia.it (V.F.); gaetano.cammilleri86@gmail.com (G.C.)
3 Interdepartmental Service Center—Center for Pharmacological Research, Food Safety, High Tech and Health (CIS-IRC–FSH) University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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– name: 1 Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; rugast@gmail.com (S.R.); castagnafabio@yahoo.it (F.C.); roberto.bava@unicz.it (R.B.); palma@unicz.it (E.P.)
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Keywords marine environmental pollution
toxic and essential metals
Stenella coeruleoalba
dolphins’ health status
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SSID ssj0000753151
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Snippet Heavy metals are environmental contaminants and can easily accumulate and biomagnify in various marine species (fishes and mammalians) at the top of the...
Metals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that can be easily accumulated and biomagnified in various fishes and mammalian species at the top of the...
Simple SummaryMetals are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that can be easily accumulated and biomagnified in various fishes and mammalian species at the...
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StartPage 1514
SubjectTerms Aquatic ecosystems
Delphinidae
Dietary minerals
Dolphins
Dolphins & porpoises
dolphins’ health status
Fishes
Food chains
Food contamination & poisoning
Gas flow
Gases
Heavy metals
Industrial wastes
marine environmental pollution
Marine mammals
Pollutants
Pollution
Reference materials
Stenella coeruleoalba
toxic and essential metals
Trace elements
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Title Trace Elements in Stenella coeruleoalba : Assessment of Marine Environmental Pollution and Dolphin Health Status
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https://doaj.org/article/205e3d9161d04fc39770e89dc606b330
Volume 14
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