Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization of Avocado Peel

The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of avocado peel was investigated by varying the reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst/feedstock ratio. After the HTC process, there was a drastic change in both the structure and chemical composition of the hydrochar compared to the feedstock. This mo...

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Published inJournal of chemistry Vol. 2022; pp. 1 - 10
Main Authors Tran, Lien Thi, Nguyen, Minh Quang, Hoang, Ha Trong, Nguyen, Hoang Tien, Vu, Thu Ha Thi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Hindawi 2022
Hindawi Limited
Wiley
Subjects
Activated carbon
Biomass
Calorific value
Carbon content
Carbonization
Catalysts
Cellulose
Chemical composition
Experiments
Ferric chloride
Fourier transforms
Fuels
Morphology
Raw materials
Reaction time
Seeds
Vietnam
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Summary:The hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of avocado peel was investigated by varying the reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst/feedstock ratio. After the HTC process, there was a drastic change in both the structure and chemical composition of the hydrochar compared to the feedstock. This modification aids hydrochar’s improved fuel characteristics, as seen by a drop in the H/C and O/C ratios, as well as an increase in fixed carbon content. The higher heating value (HHV) increased in the feedstock to a maximum value of 27.15 MJ·kg−1, corresponding to hydrochar, which is obtained at an optimized condition. Notably, the HHV and carbon content of the noncatalytic sample are only higher than those of the feedstock but lower than those of the samples surveyed. The combustion behavior and thermal characteristics of hydrochars show that the HTC of the avocado peel in the presence of FeCl3 catalyst introduces a possible direction of application in converting agro-industrial by-products into fuel.
ISSN:2090-9063
2090-9071
DOI:10.1155/2022/5766269