Less is more: a perspective on thinning lithium metal towards high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries

Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li + ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stick...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inChemical Society reviews Vol. 52; no. 8; pp. 2553 - 2572
Main Authors Wu, Wangyan, Luo, Wei, Huang, Yunhui
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Royal Society of Chemistry 24.04.2023
Subjects
Anodes
Electrochemistry
Energy storage
Foils
Fragility
Illusions
Ion sources
Lithium
Lithium batteries
Lithium ions
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgy
Rechargeable batteries
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0306-0012
1460-4744
1460-4744
DOI10.1039/d2cs00606e

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Abstract Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li + ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stickiness and fragility upon mechanical rolling. Consequently, using thick Li in battery systems betrays the original target for achieving higher energy density, results in material waste, and creates illusions on evaluating modification strategies for taming the highly reactive Li metal anode. Being apprehensive of this, in the tutorial review, we illustrate the argument of applying thin Li (<50 μm, preferably ≤30 μm) to achieve more realistic and advanced battery systems. A brief overview of Li is sketched first to help understand its role in batteries. Then, the reasons for pursuing thin Li are critically analyzed. Next, seminal technologies enabling the fabrication of thin Li are summarized and compared, which calls for the participation of experts from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and other fields. Subsequently, the possible applications of thin Li in batteries are presented. With the deployment of thin Li, there are new challenges and opportunities to encounter and an outlook is afforded thereof. Holy-grail Li metal anodes, combined with the subtraction operation in thickness and compatible modification strategies, would bring about a truly great leap forward in electrochemical energy storage. This review provides a systematic analysis on the mechanism, fabrication technologies, applications, challenges and future opportunities of applying thin Li for advanced batteries.
AbstractList Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li + ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stickiness and fragility upon mechanical rolling. Consequently, using thick Li in battery systems betrays the original target for achieving higher energy density, results in material waste, and creates illusions on evaluating modification strategies for taming the highly reactive Li metal anode. Being apprehensive of this, in the tutorial review, we illustrate the argument of applying thin Li (<50 μm, preferably ≤30 μm) to achieve more realistic and advanced battery systems. A brief overview of Li is sketched first to help understand its role in batteries. Then, the reasons for pursuing thin Li are critically analyzed. Next, seminal technologies enabling the fabrication of thin Li are summarized and compared, which calls for the participation of experts from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and other fields. Subsequently, the possible applications of thin Li in batteries are presented. With the deployment of thin Li, there are new challenges and opportunities to encounter and an outlook is afforded thereof. Holy-grail Li metal anodes, combined with the subtraction operation in thickness and compatible modification strategies, would bring about a truly great leap forward in electrochemical energy storage. This review provides a systematic analysis on the mechanism, fabrication technologies, applications, challenges and future opportunities of applying thin Li for advanced batteries.
Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li+ ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stickiness and fragility upon mechanical rolling. Consequently, using thick Li in battery systems betrays the original target for achieving higher energy density, results in material waste, and creates illusions on evaluating modification strategies for taming the highly reactive Li metal anode. Being apprehensive of this, in the tutorial review, we illustrate the argument of applying thin Li (<50 μm, preferably ≤30 μm) to achieve more realistic and advanced battery systems. A brief overview of Li is sketched first to help understand its role in batteries. Then, the reasons for pursuing thin Li are critically analyzed. Next, seminal technologies enabling the fabrication of thin Li are summarized and compared, which calls for the participation of experts from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and other fields. Subsequently, the possible applications of thin Li in batteries are presented. With the deployment of thin Li, there are new challenges and opportunities to encounter and an outlook is afforded thereof. Holy-grail Li metal anodes, combined with the subtraction operation in thickness and compatible modification strategies, would bring about a truly great leap forward in electrochemical energy storage.Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li+ ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stickiness and fragility upon mechanical rolling. Consequently, using thick Li in battery systems betrays the original target for achieving higher energy density, results in material waste, and creates illusions on evaluating modification strategies for taming the highly reactive Li metal anode. Being apprehensive of this, in the tutorial review, we illustrate the argument of applying thin Li (<50 μm, preferably ≤30 μm) to achieve more realistic and advanced battery systems. A brief overview of Li is sketched first to help understand its role in batteries. Then, the reasons for pursuing thin Li are critically analyzed. Next, seminal technologies enabling the fabrication of thin Li are summarized and compared, which calls for the participation of experts from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and other fields. Subsequently, the possible applications of thin Li in batteries are presented. With the deployment of thin Li, there are new challenges and opportunities to encounter and an outlook is afforded thereof. Holy-grail Li metal anodes, combined with the subtraction operation in thickness and compatible modification strategies, would bring about a truly great leap forward in electrochemical energy storage.
Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stickiness and fragility upon mechanical rolling. Consequently, using thick Li in battery systems betrays the original target for achieving higher energy density, results in material waste, and creates illusions on evaluating modification strategies for taming the highly reactive Li metal anode. Being apprehensive of this, in the tutorial review, we illustrate the argument of applying thin Li (<50 μm, preferably ≤30 μm) to achieve more realistic and advanced battery systems. A brief overview of Li is sketched first to help understand its role in batteries. Then, the reasons for pursuing thin Li are critically analyzed. Next, seminal technologies enabling the fabrication of thin Li are summarized and compared, which calls for the participation of experts from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and other fields. Subsequently, the possible applications of thin Li in batteries are presented. With the deployment of thin Li, there are new challenges and opportunities to encounter and an outlook is afforded thereof. Holy-grail Li metal anodes, combined with the subtraction operation in thickness and compatible modification strategies, would bring about a truly great leap forward in electrochemical energy storage.
Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li+ ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stickiness and fragility upon mechanical rolling. Consequently, using thick Li in battery systems betrays the original target for achieving higher energy density, results in material waste, and creates illusions on evaluating modification strategies for taming the highly reactive Li metal anode. Being apprehensive of this, in the tutorial review, we illustrate the argument of applying thin Li (<50 μm, preferably ≤30 μm) to achieve more realistic and advanced battery systems. A brief overview of Li is sketched first to help understand its role in batteries. Then, the reasons for pursuing thin Li are critically analyzed. Next, seminal technologies enabling the fabrication of thin Li are summarized and compared, which calls for the participation of experts from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and other fields. Subsequently, the possible applications of thin Li in batteries are presented. With the deployment of thin Li, there are new challenges and opportunities to encounter and an outlook is afforded thereof. Holy-grail Li metal anodes, combined with the subtraction operation in thickness and compatible modification strategies, would bring about a truly great leap forward in electrochemical energy storage.
Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li + ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive prospects for electrochemical energy storage. However, engineering Li metal into thin foils has historically remained difficult, owing to its stickiness and fragility upon mechanical rolling. Consequently, using thick Li in battery systems betrays the original target for achieving higher energy density, results in material waste, and creates illusions on evaluating modification strategies for taming the highly reactive Li metal anode. Being apprehensive of this, in the tutorial review, we illustrate the argument of applying thin Li (<50 μm, preferably ≤30 μm) to achieve more realistic and advanced battery systems. A brief overview of Li is sketched first to help understand its role in batteries. Then, the reasons for pursuing thin Li are critically analyzed. Next, seminal technologies enabling the fabrication of thin Li are summarized and compared, which calls for the participation of experts from mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and other fields. Subsequently, the possible applications of thin Li in batteries are presented. With the deployment of thin Li, there are new challenges and opportunities to encounter and an outlook is afforded thereof. Holy-grail Li metal anodes, combined with the subtraction operation in thickness and compatible modification strategies, would bring about a truly great leap forward in electrochemical energy storage.
Author Wu, Wangyan
Luo, Wei
Huang, Yunhui
AuthorAffiliation Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials
Institute of New Energy for Vehicles
School of Materials Science and Engineering
Tongji University
Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology
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– sequence: 0
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  name: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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  name: Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials
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  name: Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  surname: Wu
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  givenname: Wei
  surname: Luo
  fullname: Luo, Wei
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  givenname: Yunhui
  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, Yunhui
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 0306-0012
1460-4744
IngestDate Fri Jul 11 16:06:12 EDT 2025
Mon Jun 30 07:12:15 EDT 2025
Wed Feb 19 02:24:03 EST 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:09:05 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:28:19 EDT 2025
Tue Dec 17 20:58:24 EST 2024
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Notes Yunhui Huang received his BS, MS, and PhD from Peking University. He worked with Prof. John B. Goodenough at the University of Texas at Austin from 2004 to 2007. In 2008, he became a Chair Professor of Materials Science at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. In 2017, he built up the Institute of New Energy for Vehicles at Tongji University. His research group mainly works on rechargeable batteries.
https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cs00606e
Wangyan Wu received his BE degree in Materials Science and Engineering at Tongji University in 2019. He is currently a PhD candidate in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Tongji University, under the supervision of Prof. Wei Luo. His research interests focus on building LIBs with high energy density and liquid metals.
Wei Luo is currently a Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Tongji University. He received his BE and ME from Northwestern Polytechnical University, and PhD from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Prior to his current position, Wei worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Oregon State University and the University of Maryland (UMD) until being promoted to Assistant Research Professor at UMD. His research interests include solid-state batteries, liquid metals, and high-entropy materials.
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Snippet Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li + ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive...
Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive...
Lithium (Li) metal, owing to its high specific capacity and low redox potential as a Li+ ion source in rechargeable lithium batteries, shows impressive...
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SubjectTerms Anodes
Electrochemistry
Energy storage
Foils
Fragility
Illusions
Ion sources
Lithium
Lithium batteries
Lithium ions
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgy
Rechargeable batteries
Title Less is more: a perspective on thinning lithium metal towards high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36920421
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2804974038
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2787212918
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