Opacity Optimization for Surfaces
In flow visualization, integral surfaces rapidly tend to expand, fold and produce vast amounts of occlusion. While silhouette enhancements and local transparency mappings proved useful for semi‐transparent depictions, they still introduce visual clutter when surfaces grow more complex. An effective...
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| Published in | Computer graphics forum Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 11 - 20 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2014
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | In flow visualization, integral surfaces rapidly tend to expand, fold and produce vast amounts of occlusion. While silhouette enhancements and local transparency mappings proved useful for semi‐transparent depictions, they still introduce visual clutter when surfaces grow more complex. An effective visualization of the flow requires a balance between the presentation of interesting surface parts and the avoidance of occlusions that hinder the view. In this paper, we extend the concept of opacity optimization to surfaces to obtain a global approach to the occlusion problem. Starting with a partition of the surfaces into patches, we compute per‐patch opacity as minimizer of a bounded‐variable least‐squares problem. For the final rendering, opacity is interpolated on the surfaces. The resulting visualization technique is interactive, frame‐coherent, view‐dependent and driven by domain knowledge. |
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| AbstractList | In flow visualization, integral surfaces rapidly tend to expand, fold and produce vast amounts of occlusion. While silhouette enhancements and local transparency mappings proved useful for semi‐transparent depictions, they still introduce visual clutter when surfaces grow more complex. An effective visualization of the flow requires a balance between the presentation of interesting surface parts and the avoidance of occlusions that hinder the view. In this paper, we extend the concept of opacity optimization to surfaces to obtain a global approach to the occlusion problem. Starting with a partition of the surfaces into patches, we compute per‐patch opacity as minimizer of a bounded‐variable least‐squares problem. For the final rendering, opacity is interpolated on the surfaces. The resulting visualization technique is interactive, frame‐coherent, view‐dependent and driven by domain knowledge. In flow visualization, integral surfaces rapidly tend to expand, fold and produce vast amounts of occlusion. While silhouette enhancements and local transparency mappings proved useful for semi-transparent depictions, they still introduce visual clutter when surfaces grow more complex. An effective visualization of the flow requires a balance between the presentation of interesting surface parts and the avoidance of occlusions that hinder the view. In this paper, we extend the concept of opacity optimization to surfaces to obtain a global approach to the occlusion problem. Starting with a partition of the surfaces into patches, we compute per-patch opacity as minimizer of a bounded-variable least-squares problem. For the final rendering, opacity is interpolated on the surfaces. The resulting visualization technique is interactive, frame-coherent, view-dependent and driven by domain knowledge. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Günther, Tobias Schulze, Maik Rössl, Christian Esturo, Janick Martinez Theisel, Holger |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tobias surname: Günther fullname: Günther, Tobias organization: Visual Computing Group, University of Magdeburg – sequence: 2 givenname: Maik surname: Schulze fullname: Schulze, Maik organization: Visual Computing Group, University of Magdeburg – sequence: 3 givenname: Janick Martinez surname: Esturo fullname: Esturo, Janick Martinez organization: Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken – sequence: 4 givenname: Christian surname: Rössl fullname: Rössl, Christian organization: Visual Computing Group, University of Magdeburg – sequence: 5 givenname: Holger surname: Theisel fullname: Theisel, Holger organization: Visual Computing Group, University of Magdeburg |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.cag.2011.07.006 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235211 10.1109/TIT.1982.1056489 10.1111/1467-8659.t01-1-00591 10.1145/2461912.2461930 10.1145/1531326.1531331 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2010.01725.x 10.1145/2516971.2516977 10.1109/PacificVis.2013.6596151 10.1145/1276377.1276401 10.2514/6.2012-2913 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2009.01352.x 10.1109/VISUAL.2004.48 10.1137/1.9780898719703 10.1016/j.cag.2012.07.006 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2010.01650.x 10.1111/cgf.12031 10.1145/1507149.1507170 10.1145/882262.882352 10.1145/1730804.1730831 10.1145/1141911.1142016 10.1145/882262.882354 10.1145/97880.97901 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568110 10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03102.x |
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| Copyright | 2014 The Author(s) Computer Graphics Forum © 2014 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2014 The Eurographics Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |
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IEEE TVCG (Vis) 15, 6 (2009), 1283-1290. 2 Correa C.D., Ma K.-L.: Visibility histograms and visibility-driven transfer functions. IEEE TVCG 17, 2 (2011), 192-204. 2 Günther T., Rössl C., Theisel H.: Opacity optimization for 3D line fields. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 32, 4 (2013), 120:1-120:8. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 Carnecky R., Schindler B., Fuchs R., Peikert R.: Multi-layer illustrative dense flow visualization. CGF 31, 3 (2012), 895-904. 2 Born S., Wiebel A., Friedrich J., Scheuermann G., Bartz D.: Illustrative stream surfaces. IEEE TVCG (Proc. Vis) 16, 6 (2010), 1329-1338. 2 Diepstraten J., Weiskopf D., Ertl T.: Transparency in interactive technical illustrations. CGF (Proc. Eurographics) 21, 3 (2002), 317-325. 2 Yang J.C., Hensley J., Grün H., Thibieroz N.: Real-time concurrent linked list construction on the GPU. CGF (Proc. EGSR) 29, 4 (2010), 1297-1304. 5, 6 Correa C., Silver D., Chen M.: Illustrative deformation for data exploration. IEEE TVCG (Proc. 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| References_xml | – reference: Hummel M., Garth C., Hamann B., Hagen H., Joy K.I.: IRIS: Illustrative rendering for integral surfaces. IEEE TVCG (Proc. Vis) 16, 6 (2010), 1319-1328. 2, 7, 8 – reference: Luft T., Colditz C., Deussen O.: Image enhancement by unsharp masking the depth buffer. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 25, 3 (2006), 1206-1213. 2 – reference: Hoschek J., Lasser D.: Fundamentals of Computer Aided Geometric Design. AK Peters, 1993. 4 – reference: McLoughlin T., Laramee R.S., Peikert R., Post F.H., Chen M.: Over two decades of integration-based, geometric flow visualization. CGF 29, 6 (2010), 1807-1829. 2 – reference: Crane K., Weischedel C., Wardetzky M.: Geodesics in heat: A new approach to computing distance based on heat flow. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 32, 5 (2013), 152:1-152:11. 3, 9 – reference: Günther T., Rössl C., Theisel H.: Opacity optimization for 3D line fields. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 32, 4 (2013), 120:1-120:8. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 – reference: Born S., Wiebel A., Friedrich J., Scheuermann G., Bartz D.: Illustrative stream surfaces. IEEE TVCG (Proc. Vis) 16, 6 (2010), 1329-1338. 2 – reference: Agrawala M., Phan D., Heiser J., Haymaker J., Klingner J., Hanrahan P., Tversky B.: Designing effective step-by-step assembly instructions. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 22, 3 (2003), 828-837. 2 – reference: Bruckner S., Gröller E.: Enhancing depth-perception with flexible volumetric halos. IEEE TVCG (Proc. Vis) 13, 6 (2007), 1344-1351. 2 – reference: Correa C., Silver D., Chen M.: Illustrative deformation for data exploration. IEEE TVCG (Proc. Vis) 13, 6 (2007), 1320-1327. 2 – reference: Saito T., Takahashi T.: Comprehensible rendering of 3D shapes. SIGGRAPH Comp. Graph. 24, 4 (1990), 197-206. 2 – reference: Edmunds M., Laramee R.S., Chen G., Max N., Zhang E., Ware C.: Surface-based flow visualization. Computers & Graphics 36, 8 (2012), 974-990. 2 – reference: Maule M., Comba J.L., Torchelsen R.P., Bastos R.: A survey of raster-based transparency techniques. Computers & Graphics 35, 6 (2011), 1023-1034. 6 – reference: Martinez Esturo J., Schulze M., Rössl C., Theisel H.: Global selection of stream surfaces. CGF (Proc. Eurographics) 32, 2 (2013), 113-122. 5 – reference: Carnecky R., Fuchs R., Mehl S., Jang Y., Peikert R.: Smart transparency for illustrative visualization of complex flow surfaces. IEEE TVCG 19, 5 (2013), 838-851. 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9 – reference: Lloyd S.P.: Least square quantization in PCM. IEEE Information Theory 28, 2 (1982), 129-137. 4 – reference: DeCarlo D., Finkelstein A., Rusinkiewicz S., Santella A.: Suggestive contours for conveying shape. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 22, 3 (2003), 848-855. 2 – reference: Frederich O., Wassen E., Thiele F.: Prediction of the flow around a short wall-mounted cylinder using LES and DES. JNAIAM 3, 3-4 (2008), 231-247. 7 – reference: Wang L., Giesen J., McDonnell K.T., Zolliker P., Mueller K.: Color design for illustrative visualization. IEEE TVCG (Proc. InfoVis) 14, 6 (2008), 1739-1754. 2 – reference: Diepstraten J., Weiskopf D., Ertl T.: Transparency in interactive technical illustrations. CGF (Proc. Eurographics) 21, 3 (2002), 317-325. 2 – reference: Vergne R., Pacanowski R., Barla P., Granier X., Schlick C.: Light warping for enhanced surface depiction. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 28, 3 (2009), 25:1-8. 2 – reference: Günther T., Rössl C., Theisel H.: Hierarchical opacity optimization for sets of 3D line fields. CGF (Proc. EG) 33, 2 (2014), to appear. 9 – reference: Carnecky R., Schindler B., Fuchs R., Peikert R.: Multi-layer illustrative dense flow visualization. CGF 31, 3 (2012), 895-904. 2 – reference: Edmunds M., Laramee R., Malki R., Masters I., Croft T., Chen G., Zhang E.: Automatic stream surface seeding: A feature centered approach. CGF (Proc. EuroVis) 31, 3 (2012), 1095-1104. 5 – reference: Griebel M., Dornseifer T., Neunhoeffer T.: Numerical Simulation in Fluid Dynamics, a Practical Introduction. SIAM, 1998. 7 – reference: Yang J.C., Hensley J., Grün H., Thibieroz N.: Real-time concurrent linked list construction on the GPU. CGF (Proc. EGSR) 29, 4 (2010), 1297-1304. 5, 6 – reference: Schulze M., Martinez Esturo J., Günther T., Rössl C., Seidel H.-P., Weinkauf T., Theisel H.: Sets of globally optimal stream surfaces for flow visualization. CGF (Proc. EuroVis) 33, 3 (2014), to appear. 5 – reference: Judd T., Durand F., Adelson E.: Apparent ridges for line drawing. ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) 26, 3 (2007). 2 – reference: Correa C.D., Ma K.-L.: Visibility histograms and visibility-driven transfer functions. IEEE TVCG 17, 2 (2011), 192-204. 2 – reference: Chan M.-Y., Wu Y., Mak W.-H., Chen W., Qu H.: Perception-based transparency optimization for direct volume rendering. IEEE TVCG (Vis) 15, 6 (2009), 1283-1290. 2 – reference: Spencer B., Laramee R.S., Chen G., Zhang E.: Evenly spaced streamlines for surfaces: An image-based approach. CGF 28, 6 (2009), 1618-1631. 2 – volume: 28 start-page: 25:1 issue: 3 year: 2009 end-page: 8 article-title: Light warping for enhanced surface depiction publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) – start-page: 49 year: 2004 end-page: 56 – volume: 36 start-page: 974 issue: 8 year: 2012 end-page: 990 article-title: Surface‐based flow visualization publication-title: Computers & Graphics – volume: 25 start-page: 1206 issue: 3 year: 2006 end-page: 1213 article-title: Image enhancement by unsharp masking the depth buffer publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) – volume: 14 start-page: 1739 issue: 6 year: 2008 end-page: 1754 article-title: Color design for illustrative visualization publication-title: IEEE TVCG (Proc. InfoVis) – year: 2005 – volume: 3 start-page: 231 issue: 3–4 year: 2008 end-page: 247 article-title: Prediction of the flow around a short wall‐mounted cylinder using LES and DES publication-title: JNAIAM – start-page: 211 year: 1996 – volume: 22 start-page: 848 issue: 3 year: 2003 end-page: 855 article-title: Suggestive contours for conveying shape publication-title: ACM Trans. Graph. (Proc. SIGGRAPH) – volume: 33 issue: 3 year: 2014 article-title: Sets of globally optimal stream surfaces for flow visualization publication-title: CGF (Proc. EuroVis) – start-page: 139 year: 2004 end-page: 146 – volume: 32 start-page: 113 issue: 2 year: 2013 end-page: 122 article-title: Global selection of stream surfaces publication-title: CGF (Proc. 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| Snippet | In flow visualization, integral surfaces rapidly tend to expand, fold and produce vast amounts of occlusion. While silhouette enhancements and local... |
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| SubjectTerms | Analysis Balancing Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS) Computer graphics Fluids I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism-Display Algorithms Image processing systems Interactive Least squares method Occlusion Opacity Optimization Rendering Studies Visualization |
| Title | Opacity Optimization for Surfaces |
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