Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme profiles in phenobarbital-treated epileptic dogs
Background: Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase are not well documented. Objectives: The purposes of this study were 1) to qualitatively and quantitatively describe serum AP isoenzymes in p...
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Published in | Veterinary clinical pathology Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 215 - 222 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.2004
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Abstract | Background: Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase are not well documented.
Objectives: The purposes of this study were 1) to qualitatively and quantitatively describe serum AP isoenzymes in phenobarbital‐treated dogs and 2) to monitor changes in serum AP isoenzyme activities associated with phenobarbital treatment over time.
Methods: Serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined in a cross‐sectional study of 29 dogs receiving phenobarbital (duration of treatment 2 months to 6.5 years). Additionally, in a prospective study of 23 dogs, serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined before and 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment. Isoenzyme activities were quantitatively determined using wheat germ lectin precipitation and levamisole inhibition, and qualitatively (ie, present or absent) evaluated using cellulose acetate affinity electrophoresis.
Results: In phenobarbital‐treated dogs with high serum total AP activity in the cross‐sectional study, the increase was due predominantly to increased activities of the corticosteroid‐induced (C‐AP) and liver (L‐AP) isoenzymes. Prospectively, serum total AP and L‐AP activities were significantly higher at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment compared with pretreatment values. Serum C‐AP and bone isoenzyme (B‐AP) activities were significantly higher after 6 and 12 months of treatment. B‐AP accounted for only a small amount of the total AP activity. No unusual or previously unidentified AP isoenzymes were identified.
Conclusions: Phenobarbital treatment was associated with increased C‐AP and L‐AP isoenzyme activities and with a minor increase in B‐AP activity. No unique “phenobarbital‐induced” isoenzyme was identified. Isoenzyme analysis does not appear to be useful for differentiating between high serum total AP due to phenobarbital therapy and other causes. |
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AbstractList | Background:
Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase are not well documented.
Objectives:
The purposes of this study were 1) to qualitatively and quantitatively describe serum AP isoenzymes in phenobarbital‐treated dogs and 2) to monitor changes in serum AP isoenzyme activities associated with phenobarbital treatment over time.
Methods:
Serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined in a cross‐sectional study of 29 dogs receiving phenobarbital (duration of treatment 2 months to 6.5 years). Additionally, in a prospective study of 23 dogs, serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined before and 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment. Isoenzyme activities were quantitatively determined using wheat germ lectin precipitation and levamisole inhibition, and qualitatively (ie, present or absent) evaluated using cellulose acetate affinity electrophoresis.
Results:
In phenobarbital‐treated dogs with high serum total AP activity in the cross‐sectional study, the increase was due predominantly to increased activities of the corticosteroid‐induced (C‐AP) and liver (L‐AP) isoenzymes. Prospectively, serum total AP and L‐AP activities were significantly higher at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment compared with pretreatment values. Serum C‐AP and bone isoenzyme (B‐AP) activities were significantly higher after 6 and 12 months of treatment. B‐AP accounted for only a small amount of the total AP activity. No unusual or previously unidentified AP isoenzymes were identified.
Conclusions:
Phenobarbital treatment was associated with increased C‐AP and L‐AP isoenzyme activities and with a minor increase in B‐AP activity. No unique “phenobarbital‐induced” isoenzyme was identified. Isoenzyme analysis does not appear to be useful for differentiating between high serum total AP due to phenobarbital therapy and other causes. Background: Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase are not well documented. Objectives: The purposes of this study were 1) to qualitatively and quantitatively describe serum AP isoenzymes in phenobarbital‐treated dogs and 2) to monitor changes in serum AP isoenzyme activities associated with phenobarbital treatment over time. Methods: Serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined in a cross‐sectional study of 29 dogs receiving phenobarbital (duration of treatment 2 months to 6.5 years). Additionally, in a prospective study of 23 dogs, serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined before and 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment. Isoenzyme activities were quantitatively determined using wheat germ lectin precipitation and levamisole inhibition, and qualitatively (ie, present or absent) evaluated using cellulose acetate affinity electrophoresis. Results: In phenobarbital‐treated dogs with high serum total AP activity in the cross‐sectional study, the increase was due predominantly to increased activities of the corticosteroid‐induced (C‐AP) and liver (L‐AP) isoenzymes. Prospectively, serum total AP and L‐AP activities were significantly higher at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment compared with pretreatment values. Serum C‐AP and bone isoenzyme (B‐AP) activities were significantly higher after 6 and 12 months of treatment. B‐AP accounted for only a small amount of the total AP activity. No unusual or previously unidentified AP isoenzymes were identified. Conclusions: Phenobarbital treatment was associated with increased C‐AP and L‐AP isoenzyme activities and with a minor increase in B‐AP activity. No unique “phenobarbital‐induced” isoenzyme was identified. Isoenzyme analysis does not appear to be useful for differentiating between high serum total AP due to phenobarbital therapy and other causes. Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase are not well documented. The purposes of this study were 1) to qualitatively and quantitatively describe serum AP isoenzymes in phenobarbital-treated dogs and 2) to monitor changes in serum AP isoenzyme activities associated with phenobarbital treatment over time. Serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined in a cross-sectional study of 29 dogs receiving phenobarbital (duration of treatment 2 months to 6.5 years). Additionally, in a prospective study of 23 dogs, serum AP isoenzyme activities were determined before and 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment. Isoenzyme activities were quantitatively determined using wheat germ lectin precipitation and levamisole inhibition, and qualitatively (ie, present or absent) evaluated using cellulose acetate affinity electrophoresis. In phenobarbital-treated dogs with high serum total AP activity in the cross-sectional study, the increase was due predominantly to increased activities of the corticosteroid-induced (C-AP) and liver (L-AP) isoenzymes. Prospectively, serum total AP and L-AP activities were significantly higher at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the start of phenobarbital treatment compared with pretreatment values. Serum C-AP and bone isoenzyme (B-AP) activities were significantly higher after 6 and 12 months of treatment. B-AP accounted for only a small amount of the total AP activity. No unusual or previously unidentified AP isoenzymes were identified. Phenobarbital treatment was associated with increased C-AP and L-AP isoenzyme activities and with a minor increase in B-AP activity. No unique "phenobarbital-induced" isoenzyme was identified. Isoenzyme analysis does not appear to be useful for differentiating between high serum total AP due to phenobarbital therapy and other causes. |
Author | Cribb, Alastair E. Gaskill, Cynthia L. Hoffmann, Walter E. |
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References_xml | – volume: 199 start-page: 1060 year: 1991 end-page: 1066 article-title: Hepato‐toxicity of phenobarbital in dogs: 18 cases (1985–1989) publication-title: J Am Vet Med Assoc. – start-page: 1261 year: 1995 end-page: 1371 – volume: 42 start-page: 45 year: 1991 end-page: 50 article-title: Phenobarbital increases rat hepatic prostaglandin F2 alpha, glutathione S‐transferase activity and oxidative stress publication-title: Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. – volume: 325 start-page: 159 year: 1996 end-page: 166 article-title: Purification of a phenobarbital‐inducible UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase iso‐form from dog liver which catalyzes morphine and testosterone glucuronidation publication-title: Arch Biochem Biophys. – volume: 207 start-page: 1305 year: 1995 end-page: 1307 article-title: Effects of phenobarbital administration on results of serum biochemical analyses and adrenocortical function tests in epileptic dogs publication-title: J Am Vet Med Assoc. – start-page: 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Snippet | Background: Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase... Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase are not well... Background: Serum total alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity commonly is high in dogs receiving phenobarbital. Specific isoenzymes responsible for this increase... |
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SubjectTerms | Alkaline phosphatase Alkaline Phosphatase - blood Animals Anticonvulsants - adverse effects blood chemistry blood serum bones canine corticosterone Cross-Sectional Studies dog dog diseases Dog Diseases - drug therapy Dog Diseases - enzymology Dogs drug evaluation enzyme activity epilepsy Epilepsy - drug therapy Epilepsy - enzymology Epilepsy - veterinary isoenzyme Isoenzymes - blood isoform isozymes liver phenobarbital Phenobarbital - adverse effects Prospective Studies veterinary medicine |
Title | Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme profiles in phenobarbital-treated epileptic dogs |
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