Sap flow variation in selected riparian woodland species in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to unc...

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Published inAfrican journal of ecology Vol. 55; no. 4; pp. 654 - 663
Main Authors Lubinda, Aobakwe K., Murray‐Hudson, Mike, Green, Steve
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2017
John Wiley and Sons Inc
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Abstract In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to uncertainty in current hydrological modelling. We investigated sap flow of common trees in the distal, mid‐ and upper delta in July–August 2012, November–December 2012 and February–April 2013 using the compensation heat pulse velocity method. In the distal delta, four Diospyros mespiliformis individuals of different sizes were studied. Four trees of different species were studied in the mid‐ and upper delta. Sap flow density (SFD; flow per unit cross‐sectional area) was used as a common unit to facilitate comparison. Sap flow varied with tree size, species, season and location. It was positively correlated with tree size (r2 = 0.67). Sap flow variation between seasons and across locations in all the species studied indicated two distinct groups. Group 1 transpired the least during the hottest season, November–December, and Group 2 the most. In Group 1, the highest average SFD was 1.17 l cm−2 day−1 during July–August; in Group 2, it was 1.07 l cm−2 day−1 during November–December. Changes in the hydrology of the delta would negatively affect the riparian woodland. Résumé Dans le delta de l'Okavango, tropical, la transpiration des arbres est un processus important partiellement responsable du fait que ce bassin reste un environnement d'eau douce. La quantification de l’évapotranspiration de la topographie terrestre du delta, bordée de forêts riveraines, est un des principaux contributeurs de l'incertitude dans la modélisation hydrologique actuelle. Nous avons étudié la coulée de sève d'arbres communs dans le delta distal, moyen et supérieur en juillet‐août 2012, novembre‐décembre 2012 et février‐avril 2013 par la méthode de compensation heat pulse velocity. Dans le delta distal, nous avons étudié quatre individus de Diospyros mespiliformis de taille différente. Quatre arbres d'espèces différentes ont été étudiés dans les deltas moyens et supérieur. La densité du flux de sève (DFS), flux par unité de surface de section, a servi d'unité commune pour faciliter la comparaison. Le flux de sève variait avec la taille et l'espèce des arbres, la saison et l'emplacement. Il était positivement lié à la taille des arbres (r² = 0,67). La variation du flux de sève avec les saisons et l'emplacement indiquait deux groupes distincts parmi toutes les espèces étudiées. Le Groupe 1 transpirait le moins pendant la saison la plus chaude, novembre‐décembre, et le Groupe 2 transpirait le plus. Dans le Groupe 1, la DSF moyenne la plus haute était de 1,17L/cm²/jour en juillet‐août; dans le Groupe 2, elle était de 1,07L/cm²/jour en novembre‐décembre. Des changements dans l'hydrologie du delta affecteraient négativement la forêt riveraine.
AbstractList In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to uncertainty in current hydrological modelling. We investigated sap flow of common trees in the distal, mid- and upper delta in July-August 2012, November-December 2012 and February-April 2013 using the compensation heat pulse velocity method. In the distal delta, four individuals of different sizes were studied. Four trees of different species were studied in the mid- and upper delta. Sap flow density (SFD; flow per unit cross-sectional area) was used as a common unit to facilitate comparison. Sap flow varied with tree size, species, season and location. It was positively correlated with tree size (  = 0.67). Sap flow variation between seasons and across locations in all the species studied indicated two distinct groups. Group 1 transpired the least during the hottest season, November-December, and Group 2 the most. In Group 1, the highest average SFD was 1.17 l cm day during July-August; in Group 2, it was 1.07 l cm  day during November-December. Changes in the hydrology of the delta would negatively affect the riparian woodland.
In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to uncertainty in current hydrological modelling. We investigated sap flow of common trees in the distal, mid‐ and upper delta in July–August 2012, November–December 2012 and February–April 2013 using the compensation heat pulse velocity method. In the distal delta, four Diospyros mespiliformis individuals of different sizes were studied. Four trees of different species were studied in the mid‐ and upper delta. Sap flow density ( SFD ; flow per unit cross‐sectional area) was used as a common unit to facilitate comparison. Sap flow varied with tree size, species, season and location. It was positively correlated with tree size ( r 2  = 0.67). Sap flow variation between seasons and across locations in all the species studied indicated two distinct groups. Group 1 transpired the least during the hottest season, November–December, and Group 2 the most. In Group 1, the highest average SFD was 1.17 l cm −2  day −1 during July–August; in Group 2, it was 1.07 l cm −2  day −1 during November–December. Changes in the hydrology of the delta would negatively affect the riparian woodland.
In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to uncertainty in current hydrological modelling. We investigated sap flow of common trees in the distal, mid‐ and upper delta in July–August 2012, November–December 2012 and February–April 2013 using the compensation heat pulse velocity method. In the distal delta, four Diospyros mespiliformis individuals of different sizes were studied. Four trees of different species were studied in the mid‐ and upper delta. Sap flow density (SFD; flow per unit cross‐sectional area) was used as a common unit to facilitate comparison. Sap flow varied with tree size, species, season and location. It was positively correlated with tree size (r2 = 0.67). Sap flow variation between seasons and across locations in all the species studied indicated two distinct groups. Group 1 transpired the least during the hottest season, November–December, and Group 2 the most. In Group 1, the highest average SFD was 1.17 l cm−2 day−1 during July–August; in Group 2, it was 1.07 l cm−2 day−1 during November–December. Changes in the hydrology of the delta would negatively affect the riparian woodland. Résumé Dans le delta de l'Okavango, tropical, la transpiration des arbres est un processus important partiellement responsable du fait que ce bassin reste un environnement d'eau douce. La quantification de l’évapotranspiration de la topographie terrestre du delta, bordée de forêts riveraines, est un des principaux contributeurs de l'incertitude dans la modélisation hydrologique actuelle. Nous avons étudié la coulée de sève d'arbres communs dans le delta distal, moyen et supérieur en juillet‐août 2012, novembre‐décembre 2012 et février‐avril 2013 par la méthode de compensation heat pulse velocity. Dans le delta distal, nous avons étudié quatre individus de Diospyros mespiliformis de taille différente. Quatre arbres d'espèces différentes ont été étudiés dans les deltas moyens et supérieur. La densité du flux de sève (DFS), flux par unité de surface de section, a servi d'unité commune pour faciliter la comparaison. Le flux de sève variait avec la taille et l'espèce des arbres, la saison et l'emplacement. Il était positivement lié à la taille des arbres (r² = 0,67). La variation du flux de sève avec les saisons et l'emplacement indiquait deux groupes distincts parmi toutes les espèces étudiées. Le Groupe 1 transpirait le moins pendant la saison la plus chaude, novembre‐décembre, et le Groupe 2 transpirait le plus. Dans le Groupe 1, la DSF moyenne la plus haute était de 1,17L/cm²/jour en juillet‐août; dans le Groupe 2, elle était de 1,07L/cm²/jour en novembre‐décembre. Des changements dans l'hydrologie du delta affecteraient négativement la forêt riveraine.
In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to uncertainty in current hydrological modelling. We investigated sap flow of common trees in the distal, mid‐ and upper delta in July–August 2012, November–December 2012 and February–April 2013 using the compensation heat pulse velocity method. In the distal delta, four Diospyros mespiliformis individuals of different sizes were studied. Four trees of different species were studied in the mid‐ and upper delta. Sap flow density ( SFD ; flow per unit cross‐sectional area) was used as a common unit to facilitate comparison. Sap flow varied with tree size, species, season and location. It was positively correlated with tree size ( r 2  = 0.67). Sap flow variation between seasons and across locations in all the species studied indicated two distinct groups. Group 1 transpired the least during the hottest season, November–December, and Group 2 the most. In Group 1, the highest average SFD was 1.17 l cm −2  day −1 during July–August; in Group 2, it was 1.07 l cm −2  day −1 during November–December. Changes in the hydrology of the delta would negatively affect the riparian woodland. Dans le delta de l'Okavango, tropical, la transpiration des arbres est un processus important partiellement responsable du fait que ce bassin reste un environnement d'eau douce. La quantification de l’évapotranspiration de la topographie terrestre du delta, bordée de forêts riveraines, est un des principaux contributeurs de l'incertitude dans la modélisation hydrologique actuelle. Nous avons étudié la coulée de sève d'arbres communs dans le delta distal, moyen et supérieur en juillet‐août 2012, novembre‐décembre 2012 et février‐avril 2013 par la méthode de compensation heat pulse velocity . Dans le delta distal, nous avons étudié quatre individus de Diospyros mespiliformis de taille différente. Quatre arbres d'espèces différentes ont été étudiés dans les deltas moyens et supérieur. La densité du flux de sève ( DFS ), flux par unité de surface de section, a servi d'unité commune pour faciliter la comparaison. Le flux de sève variait avec la taille et l'espèce des arbres, la saison et l'emplacement. Il était positivement lié à la taille des arbres (r² = 0,67). La variation du flux de sève avec les saisons et l'emplacement indiquait deux groupes distincts parmi toutes les espèces étudiées. Le Groupe 1 transpirait le moins pendant la saison la plus chaude, novembre‐décembre, et le Groupe 2 transpirait le plus. Dans le Groupe 1, la DSF moyenne la plus haute était de 1,17L/cm²/jour en juillet‐août; dans le Groupe 2, elle était de 1,07L/cm²/jour en novembre‐décembre. Des changements dans l'hydrologie du delta affecteraient négativement la forêt riveraine.
In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to uncertainty in current hydrological modelling. We investigated sap flow of common trees in the distal, mid- and upper delta in July-August 2012, November-December 2012 and February-April 2013 using the compensation heat pulse velocity method. In the distal delta, four Diospyros mespiliformis individuals of different sizes were studied. Four trees of different species were studied in the mid- and upper delta. Sap flow density (SFD; flow per unit cross-sectional area) was used as a common unit to facilitate comparison. Sap flow varied with tree size, species, season and location. It was positively correlated with tree size (r2 = 0.67). Sap flow variation between seasons and across locations in all the species studied indicated two distinct groups. Group 1 transpired the least during the hottest season, November-December, and Group 2 the most. In Group 1, the highest average SFD was 1.17 l cm-2 day-1 during July-August; in Group 2, it was 1.07 l cm-2 day-1 during November-December. Changes in the hydrology of the delta would negatively affect the riparian woodland.
Author Green, Steve
Lubinda, Aobakwe K.
Murray‐Hudson, Mike
AuthorAffiliation 2 Plant & Food Research Palmerston North Private Bag 11030, Manawatu Mail Centre Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
1 University of Botswana Okavango Research Institute Private Bag 285 Maun Botswana
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Issue 4
Keywords compensation heat pulse velocity
water balance
water use
evapotranspiration
Language English
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Snippet In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment....
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SubjectTerms Compensation
compensation heat pulse velocity
Deltas
Diospyros mespiliformis
Evapotranspiration
Flow
Fluctuations
Flux
Freshwater environments
Hydrology
Landforms
Original
Riparian environments
Riparian forests
Species
Terrestrial environments
Transpiration
Trees
Variation
Velocity
water balance
water use
Woodlands
Title Sap flow variation in selected riparian woodland species in the Okavango Delta, Botswana
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Faje.12401
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32313343
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1965560418
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2393038390
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7159445
Volume 55
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