Association of Full Breastfeeding Duration with Postpartum Weight Retention in a Cohort of Predominantly Breastfeeding Women

Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is associated with lower maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) as compared to a shorter FBF duration. The MILK (Mothers and Infants Linked for Hea...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 11; no. 4; p. 938
Main Authors Tahir, Muna J, Haapala, Jacob L, Foster, Laurie P, Duncan, Katy M, Teague, April M, Kharbanda, Elyse O, McGovern, Patricia M, Whitaker, Kara M, Rasmussen, Kathleen M, Fields, David A, Harnack, Lisa J, Jacobs, Jr, David R, Demerath, Ellen W
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 25.04.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Adult
Babies
Body mass index
Body Weight
Body weight gain
Body weight loss
Breast Feeding
Breastfeeding & lactation
Cohort Studies
Diabetes
Energy balance
Epidemiology
Ethnicity
Female
full breastfeeding
Health risks
Health sciences
Humans
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Mothers
obesity
Pediatrics
Physical activity
Postpartum
Postpartum Period
Pregnancy
Retention
Surgeons General
Time Factors
weight retention
Womens health
Young Adult
Minneapolis Minnesota
Iowa City Iowa
United States > US
Oklahoma
postpartum
full breastfeeding
obesity
weight retention
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Abstract Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is associated with lower maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) as compared to a shorter FBF duration. The MILK (Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth) study is an ongoing prospective cohort of 370 mother-infant dyads, all of whom fully breastfed their infants for at least 1 month. Breastfeeding status was subsequently self-reported by mothers at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Maternal PPWR was calculated as maternal weight measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum minus maternal prepregnancy weight. Using linear mixed effects models, by 6 months postpartum, adjusted means ± standard errors for weight retention among mothers who fully breastfed for 1-3 (3.40 ± 1.16 kg), 3-6 (1.41 ± 0.69 kg), and ≥6 months (0.97 ± 0.32 kg) were estimated. Compared to mothers who reported FBF for 1-3 months, those who reported FBF for 3-6 months and ≥6 months both had lower PPWR over the period from 1 to 6 months postpartum ( = 0.04 and < 0.01, respectively). However, PPWR from 3 to 6 months was not significantly different among those who reported FBF for 3-6 versus ≥6 months ( > 0.05). Interventions to promote FBF past 3 months may increase the likelihood of postpartum return to prepregnancy weight.
AbstractList Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is associated with lower maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) as compared to a shorter FBF duration. The MILK (Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth) study is an ongoing prospective cohort of 370 mother-infant dyads, all of whom fully breastfed their infants for at least 1 month. Breastfeeding status was subsequently self-reported by mothers at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Maternal PPWR was calculated as maternal weight measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum minus maternal prepregnancy weight. Using linear mixed effects models, by 6 months postpartum, adjusted means ± standard errors for weight retention among mothers who fully breastfed for 1-3 (3.40 ± 1.16 kg), 3-6 (1.41 ± 0.69 kg), and ≥6 months (0.97 ± 0.32 kg) were estimated. Compared to mothers who reported FBF for 1-3 months, those who reported FBF for 3-6 months and ≥6 months both had lower PPWR over the period from 1 to 6 months postpartum ( = 0.04 and < 0.01, respectively). However, PPWR from 3 to 6 months was not significantly different among those who reported FBF for 3-6 versus ≥6 months ( > 0.05). Interventions to promote FBF past 3 months may increase the likelihood of postpartum return to prepregnancy weight.
Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is associated with lower maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) as compared to a shorter FBF duration. The MILK (Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth) study is an ongoing prospective cohort of 370 mother–infant dyads, all of whom fully breastfed their infants for at least 1 month. Breastfeeding status was subsequently self-reported by mothers at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Maternal PPWR was calculated as maternal weight measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum minus maternal prepregnancy weight. Using linear mixed effects models, by 6 months postpartum, adjusted means ± standard errors for weight retention among mothers who fully breastfed for 1–3 (3.40 ± 1.16 kg), 3–6 (1.41 ± 0.69 kg), and ≥6 months (0.97 ± 0.32 kg) were estimated. Compared to mothers who reported FBF for 1–3 months, those who reported FBF for 3–6 months and ≥6 months both had lower PPWR over the period from 1 to 6 months postpartum ( p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, PPWR from 3 to 6 months was not significantly different among those who reported FBF for 3–6 versus ≥6 months ( p > 0.05). Interventions to promote FBF past 3 months may increase the likelihood of postpartum return to prepregnancy weight.
Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is associated with lower maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) as compared to a shorter FBF duration. The MILK (Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth) study is an ongoing prospective cohort of 370 mother–infant dyads, all of whom fully breastfed their infants for at least 1 month. Breastfeeding status was subsequently self-reported by mothers at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Maternal PPWR was calculated as maternal weight measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum minus maternal prepregnancy weight. Using linear mixed effects models, by 6 months postpartum, adjusted means ± standard errors for weight retention among mothers who fully breastfed for 1–3 (3.40 ± 1.16 kg), 3–6 (1.41 ± 0.69 kg), and ≥6 months (0.97 ± 0.32 kg) were estimated. Compared to mothers who reported FBF for 1–3 months, those who reported FBF for 3–6 months and ≥6 months both had lower PPWR over the period from 1 to 6 months postpartum (p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, PPWR from 3 to 6 months was not significantly different among those who reported FBF for 3–6 versus ≥6 months (p > 0.05). Interventions to promote FBF past 3 months may increase the likelihood of postpartum return to prepregnancy weight.
[...]we tested whether similar findings were observed in main analyses when maternal postpartum weight loss (defined as maternal weight at 1, 3, and 6 months minus maternal weight at delivery) was utilized as an outcome, rather than PPWR. Because longitudinal mixed effects regression model estimates can be difficult to interpret in the presence of time interactions, we derived and plotted the adjusted means ± SEs for PPWR from the linear mixed model analysis specified above for each FBF group and each time point. [...]after examining postpartum weight loss (versus PPWR) as an outcome, similar adjusted means and between-group differences in weight loss over time were observed (data not shown). [...]we only had measures of important energy balance variables (i.e., diet and physical activity) at select time points. [...]this period is important for preventing excessive gestational weight gain and PPWR, both of which may contribute to future metabolic disease risk.
Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is associated with lower maternal postpartum weight retention (PPWR) as compared to a shorter FBF duration. The MILK (Mothers and Infants Linked for Healthy Growth) study is an ongoing prospective cohort of 370 mother−infant dyads, all of whom fully breastfed their infants for at least 1 month. Breastfeeding status was subsequently self-reported by mothers at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Maternal PPWR was calculated as maternal weight measured at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum minus maternal prepregnancy weight. Using linear mixed effects models, by 6 months postpartum, adjusted means ± standard errors for weight retention among mothers who fully breastfed for 1−3 (3.40 ± 1.16 kg), 3−6 (1.41 ± 0.69 kg), and ≥6 months (0.97 ± 0.32 kg) were estimated. Compared to mothers who reported FBF for 1−3 months, those who reported FBF for 3−6 months and ≥6 months both had lower PPWR over the period from 1 to 6 months postpartum (p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, PPWR from 3 to 6 months was not significantly different among those who reported FBF for 3−6 versus ≥6 months (p > 0.05). Interventions to promote FBF past 3 months may increase the likelihood of postpartum return to prepregnancy weight.
Author Harnack, Lisa J
Jacobs, Jr, David R
Kharbanda, Elyse O
McGovern, Patricia M
Rasmussen, Kathleen M
Teague, April M
Tahir, Muna J
Haapala, Jacob L
Demerath, Ellen W
Whitaker, Kara M
Foster, Laurie P
Fields, David A
Duncan, Katy M
AuthorAffiliation 4 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; pmcg@umn.edu
1 Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; jacob.l.haapala@healthpartners.com (J.L.H.); fost0112@umn.edu (L.P.F.); harna001@umn.edu (L.J.H.); jacob004@umn.edu (D.R.J.J.); ewd@umn.edu (E.W.D.)
3 HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA; elyse.o.kharbanda@healthpartners.com
6 Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
5 Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; kara-whitaker@uiowa.edu
7 Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; kathleen.rasmussen@cornell.edu
2 Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Katy-Duncan@ouhsc.edu (K.M.D.); April-Teague@ouhsc.edu (A.M.T.); David-Fields@ouhsc.edu (D.A.F.)
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Issue 4
Keywords postpartum
full breastfeeding
obesity
weight retention
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Snippet Full breastfeeding (FBF) is promoted as effective for losing pregnancy weight during the postpartum period. This study evaluated whether longer FBF is...
[...]we tested whether similar findings were observed in main analyses when maternal postpartum weight loss (defined as maternal weight at 1, 3, and 6 months...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Babies
Body mass index
Body Weight
Body weight gain
Body weight loss
Breast Feeding
Breastfeeding & lactation
Cohort Studies
Diabetes
Energy balance
Epidemiology
Ethnicity
Female
full breastfeeding
Health risks
Health sciences
Humans
Metabolic disorders
Metabolism
Mothers
obesity
Pediatrics
Physical activity
Postpartum
Postpartum Period
Pregnancy
Retention
Surgeons General
Time Factors
weight retention
Womens health
Young Adult
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Title Association of Full Breastfeeding Duration with Postpartum Weight Retention in a Cohort of Predominantly Breastfeeding Women
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31027268
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2315352026/abstract/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6520964
https://doaj.org/article/334bc03966e246cfb13551a1c3638861
Volume 11
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