High‐precision screening and sorting of double emulsion droplets

• Published in: Cytometry. Part A Vol. 105; no. 7; pp. 547 - 554
• Main Authors: Zhuang, Siyuan, Semenec, Lucie, Nagy, Stephanie S., Cain, Amy K., Inglis, David W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.07.2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Biomonitoring; Cellular structure; Double emulsions; double emulsions sorting; Droplets; Emulsions; Flow cytometry; Fluorescence; microfluidic droplets; Optical properties; optimization of drop delay unit; Populations; Reagents; Screening; Sheaths; double emulsions sorting; microfluidic droplets; optimization of drop delay unit
• DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24842
• ISSN: 1552-4922; 1552-4930

Mounting evidence suggests that cell populations are extremely heterogeneous, with individual cells fulfilling different roles within the population. Flow cytometry (FC) is a high‐throughput tool for single‐cell analysis that works at high optical resolution. Sub‐populations with unique properties can be screened, isolated and sorted through fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), using intracellular fluorescent products or surface‐tagged fluorescent products of interest. However, traditional FC and FACS methods cannot identify or isolate cells that secrete extracellular products of interest. Double emulsion (DE) droplets are an innovative approach to retaining these extracellular products so cells producing them can be identified and isolated with FC and FACS. The water‐in‐oil‐in‐water structure makes DE droplets compatible with the sheath flow of flow cytometry. Single cells can be encapsulated with other reagents into DEs, which act as pico‐reactors. These droplets allow biological activities to take place while allowing for cell cultivation monitoring, rare mutant identification, and cellular events characterization. However, using DEs in FACS presents technical challenges, including rupture of DEs, poor accuracy and low sorting efficiency. This study presents high‐performance sorting using fluorescent beads (as simulants for cells). This study aims to guide researchers in the use of DE‐based flow cytometry, offering insights into how to resolve the technical difficulties associated with DE‐based screening and sorting using FC. Fluorescent particles, similar in size to bacterial cells, were encapsulated in double emulsion droplets. The droplet samples were collected into a centrifuge tube suspended in 1× PBS buffer for FACS sorting. The optimal drop delay unit was determined and produced sorting yields of 88% with over 90% sorting accuracy for single‐bead double emulsion droplets.