Wood-derived biochar as thick electrodes for high-rate performance supercapacitors

Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading (> 10 mg cm −2 ) is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors. However, high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass layer, which severely hinders the ion/electron transport and results in poor c...

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Published inBiochar (Online) Vol. 4; no. 1; pp. 1 - 19
Main Authors Yan, Bing, Zheng, Jiaojiao, Feng, Li, Du, Cheng, Jian, Shaoju, Yang, Weisen, Wu, Yimin A., Jiang, Shaohua, He, Shuijian, Chen, Wei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 01.12.2022
Springer
Subjects
Agriculture
Biochar
Ceramics
Composites
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture)
Glass
Heteroatom doping
High mass-loading
Natural Materials
Original Research
Renewable and Green Energy
Self-standing electrodes
Soil Science & Conservation
Supercapacitor
High mass-loading
Supercapacitor
Biochar
Heteroatom doping
Self-standing electrodes
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Abstract Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading (> 10 mg cm −2 ) is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors. However, high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass layer, which severely hinders the ion/electron transport and results in poor capacitive performance. Herein, a self-standing biochar electrode with active mass-loading of ca. 40 mg cm −2 and thickness of 800 µm has been developed from basswood. The basswood was treated with formamide to incorporate N/O in the carbon structure, followed by mild KOH activation to ameliorate the pore size and introduce more O species in the carbon matrix. The as-prepared carbon monoliths possess well conductive carbon skeleton, abundant N/O dopant and 3D porous structure, which are favorable for the ion/electron transport and promoting capacitance performance. The self-standing carbon electrode not only exhibits the maximum areal/mass/volumetric specific capacitance of 5037.5 mF cm −2 /172.5 F g −1 /63.0 F cm −3 at 2 mA cm −2 (0.05 A g −1 ), but also displays excellent rate performance with 76% capacitance retention at 500 mA cm −2 (12.5 A g −1 ) in a symmetric supercapacitor, surpassing the state-of-art biomass-based thick carbon electrode. The assembled model can power typical electron devices including a fan, a digital watch and a logo made up of 34 light-emitting diodes for a proper period, revealing its practical application potential. This study not only puts forward a commercial-level high active mass-loading electrode from biomass for supercapacitor, but also bridges the gap between the experimental research and practical application. Graphical abstract Article Highlights Basswood-derived free-standing thick carbon electrodes were developed for supercapacitors. The capacitance performance was enhanced by pre-oxidation, solvothermal treatment and KOH activation. Supercapacitors assembled from the optimized electrode exhibited good rate performance and stability.
AbstractList Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading (> 10 mg cm −2 ) is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors. However, high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass layer, which severely hinders the ion/electron transport and results in poor capacitive performance. Herein, a self-standing biochar electrode with active mass-loading of ca. 40 mg cm −2 and thickness of 800 µm has been developed from basswood. The basswood was treated with formamide to incorporate N/O in the carbon structure, followed by mild KOH activation to ameliorate the pore size and introduce more O species in the carbon matrix. The as-prepared carbon monoliths possess well conductive carbon skeleton, abundant N/O dopant and 3D porous structure, which are favorable for the ion/electron transport and promoting capacitance performance. The self-standing carbon electrode not only exhibits the maximum areal/mass/volumetric specific capacitance of 5037.5 mF cm −2 /172.5 F g −1 /63.0 F cm −3 at 2 mA cm −2 (0.05 A g −1 ), but also displays excellent rate performance with 76% capacitance retention at 500 mA cm −2 (12.5 A g −1 ) in a symmetric supercapacitor, surpassing the state-of-art biomass-based thick carbon electrode. The assembled model can power typical electron devices including a fan, a digital watch and a logo made up of 34 light-emitting diodes for a proper period, revealing its practical application potential. This study not only puts forward a commercial-level high active mass-loading electrode from biomass for supercapacitor, but also bridges the gap between the experimental research and practical application. Graphical abstract Article Highlights Basswood-derived free-standing thick carbon electrodes were developed for supercapacitors. The capacitance performance was enhanced by pre-oxidation, solvothermal treatment and KOH activation. Supercapacitors assembled from the optimized electrode exhibited good rate performance and stability.
Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading (> 10 mg cm −2 ) is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors. However, high active mass-loading usually requires thick active mass layer, which severely hinders the ion/electron transport and results in poor capacitive performance. Herein, a self-standing biochar electrode with active mass-loading of ca. 40 mg cm −2 and thickness of 800 µm has been developed from basswood. The basswood was treated with formamide to incorporate N/O in the carbon structure, followed by mild KOH activation to ameliorate the pore size and introduce more O species in the carbon matrix. The as-prepared carbon monoliths possess well conductive carbon skeleton, abundant N/O dopant and 3D porous structure, which are favorable for the ion/electron transport and promoting capacitance performance. The self-standing carbon electrode not only exhibits the maximum areal/mass/volumetric specific capacitance of 5037.5 mF cm −2 /172.5 F g −1 /63.0 F cm −3 at 2 mA cm −2 (0.05 A g −1 ), but also displays excellent rate performance with 76% capacitance retention at 500 mA cm −2 (12.5 A g −1 ) in a symmetric supercapacitor, surpassing the state-of-art biomass-based thick carbon electrode. The assembled model can power typical electron devices including a fan, a digital watch and a logo made up of 34 light-emitting diodes for a proper period, revealing its practical application potential. This study not only puts forward a commercial-level high active mass-loading electrode from biomass for supercapacitor, but also bridges the gap between the experimental research and practical application. Graphical abstract
Article Highlights Basswood-derived free-standing thick carbon electrodes were developed for supercapacitors. The capacitance performance was enhanced by pre-oxidation, solvothermal treatment and KOH activation. Supercapacitors assembled from the optimized electrode exhibited good rate performance and stability.
ArticleNumber 50
Author Zheng, Jiaojiao
Chen, Wei
Du, Cheng
Yang, Weisen
Feng, Li
Jian, Shaoju
Jiang, Shaohua
Yan, Bing
Wu, Yimin A.
He, Shuijian
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  email: yimin.wu@uwaterloo.ca
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  organization: International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University
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  email: weichen@ciac.ac.cn
  organization: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China
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Issue 1
Keywords High mass-loading
Supercapacitor
Biochar
Heteroatom doping
Self-standing electrodes
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Snippet Developing effective electrodes with commercial-level active mass-loading (> 10 mg cm −2 ) is vital for the practical application of supercapacitors. However,...
Article Highlights Basswood-derived free-standing thick carbon electrodes were developed for supercapacitors. The capacitance performance was enhanced by...
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SubjectTerms Agriculture
Biochar
Ceramics
Composites
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology
Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture)
Glass
Heteroatom doping
High mass-loading
Natural Materials
Original Research
Renewable and Green Energy
Self-standing electrodes
Soil Science & Conservation
Supercapacitor
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Title Wood-derived biochar as thick electrodes for high-rate performance supercapacitors
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42773-022-00176-9
https://doaj.org/article/30cf47c08eab42f181ab79a7efee3ffb
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