Lignin valorization: Status, challenges and opportunities

[Display omitted] •Estimated potential use of lignin from agricultural/forestry residues.•Priority for lignin use based on key residual crops.•Recent developments in applications of lignin were explained.•Proposed strategies for lignin valorization and lignin-based biorefineries.•Additional research...

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Published in	Bioresource technology Vol. 347; p. 126696
Main Authors	Sethupathy, Sivasamy, Murillo Morales, Gabriel, Gao, Lu, Wang, Hongliang, Yang, Bin, Jiang, Jianxiong, Sun, Jianzhong, Zhu, Daochen
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2022
Subjects	Biofuels biopolymers Biorefinery biorefining Circular economy color dissociation electricity generation enthalpy fractionation hydrogels Industrial lignin Industry Life-cycle analysis Lignin Lignin-based materials lignocellulose Lignocelluloses fractionation Recycling research and development smell Industrial lignin Lignocelluloses fractionation Biorefinery Lignin-based materials Circular economy Life-cycle analysis
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Abstract	[Display omitted] •Estimated potential use of lignin from agricultural/forestry residues.•Priority for lignin use based on key residual crops.•Recent developments in applications of lignin were explained.•Proposed strategies for lignin valorization and lignin-based biorefineries.•Additional research is required to achieve better lignin valorization. As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin has the potential to produce various chemicals, biofuels of interest through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. However, lignin valorization is hindered by a series of constraints such as heterogeneous polymeric nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark colour, challenges in lignocelluloses fractionation and the presence of high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups etc. Nowadays, industrial lignin is mostly combusted for electricity production and the recycling of inorganic compounds involved in the pulping process. Given the research and development on lignin valorization in recent years, important applications such as lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, three-dimensional printing materials, electrodes and production of fine chemicals have been systematically reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the main constraints affecting industrial lignin valorization, possible solutions and future perspectives, in the light of its abundance and its potential applications reported in the scientific literature.
AbstractList	As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin has the potential to produce various chemicals, biofuels of interest through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. However, lignin valorization is hindered by a series of constraints such as heterogeneous polymeric nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark colour, challenges in lignocelluloses fractionation and the presence of high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups etc. Nowadays, industrial lignin is mostly combusted for electricity production and the recycling of inorganic compounds involved in the pulping process. Given the research and development on lignin valorization in recent years, important applications such as lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, three-dimensional printing materials, electrodes and production of fine chemicals have been systematically reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the main constraints affecting industrial lignin valorization, possible solutions and future perspectives, in the light of its abundance and its potential applications reported in the scientific literature. As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin has the potential to produce various chemicals, biofuels of interest through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. However, lignin valorization is hindered by a series of constraints such as heterogeneous polymeric nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark colour, challenges in lignocelluloses fractionation and the presence of high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups etc. Nowadays, industrial lignin is mostly combusted for electricity production and the recycling of inorganic compounds involved in the pulping process. Given the research and development on lignin valorization in recent years, important applications such as lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, three-dimensional printing materials, electrodes and production of fine chemicals have been systematically reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the main constraints affecting industrial lignin valorization, possible solutions and future perspectives, in the light of its abundance and its potential applications reported in the scientific literature.As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin has the potential to produce various chemicals, biofuels of interest through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. However, lignin valorization is hindered by a series of constraints such as heterogeneous polymeric nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark colour, challenges in lignocelluloses fractionation and the presence of high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups etc. Nowadays, industrial lignin is mostly combusted for electricity production and the recycling of inorganic compounds involved in the pulping process. Given the research and development on lignin valorization in recent years, important applications such as lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, three-dimensional printing materials, electrodes and production of fine chemicals have been systematically reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the main constraints affecting industrial lignin valorization, possible solutions and future perspectives, in the light of its abundance and its potential applications reported in the scientific literature. [Display omitted] •Estimated potential use of lignin from agricultural/forestry residues.•Priority for lignin use based on key residual crops.•Recent developments in applications of lignin were explained.•Proposed strategies for lignin valorization and lignin-based biorefineries.•Additional research is required to achieve better lignin valorization. As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin has the potential to produce various chemicals, biofuels of interest through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. However, lignin valorization is hindered by a series of constraints such as heterogeneous polymeric nature, intrinsic recalcitrance, strong smell, dark colour, challenges in lignocelluloses fractionation and the presence of high bond dissociation enthalpies in its functional groups etc. Nowadays, industrial lignin is mostly combusted for electricity production and the recycling of inorganic compounds involved in the pulping process. Given the research and development on lignin valorization in recent years, important applications such as lignin-based hydrogels, surfactants, three-dimensional printing materials, electrodes and production of fine chemicals have been systematically reviewed. Finally, this review highlights the main constraints affecting industrial lignin valorization, possible solutions and future perspectives, in the light of its abundance and its potential applications reported in the scientific literature.
ArticleNumber	126696
Author	Murillo Morales, Gabriel Gao, Lu Wang, Hongliang Sun, Jianzhong Yang, Bin Jiang, Jianxiong Zhu, Daochen Sethupathy, Sivasamy
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Sivasamy surname: Sethupathy fullname: Sethupathy, Sivasamy organization: Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: Gabriel surname: Murillo Morales fullname: Murillo Morales, Gabriel organization: Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: Lu surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Lu organization: Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China – sequence: 4 givenname: Hongliang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Hongliang organization: College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering /College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China – sequence: 5 givenname: Bin surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Bin organization: Bioproducts, Sciences and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Jianxiong surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Jianxiong organization: Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China – sequence: 7 givenname: Jianzhong surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Jianzhong organization: Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China – sequence: 8 givenname: Daochen surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Daochen email: dczhucn@ujs.edu.cn organization: Biofuels Institute, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, PR China
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35026423$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	Industrial lignin Lignocelluloses fractionation Biorefinery Lignin-based materials Circular economy Life-cycle analysis
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Snippet	[Display omitted] •Estimated potential use of lignin from agricultural/forestry residues.•Priority for lignin use based on key residual crops.•Recent... As an abundant aromatic biopolymer, lignin has the potential to produce various chemicals, biofuels of interest through biorefinery activities and is expected...
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SubjectTerms	Biofuels biopolymers Biorefinery biorefining Circular economy color dissociation electricity generation enthalpy fractionation hydrogels Industrial lignin Industry Life-cycle analysis Lignin Lignin-based materials lignocellulose Lignocelluloses fractionation Recycling research and development smell
Title	Lignin valorization: Status, challenges and opportunities
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