Mercury biomagnification in the food web of a neotropical stream

Anthropogenic and natural mercury (Hg) contamination have been a major concern in South America since the early 1900s, but it remains unclear whether Hg levels pose a hazard to human health in regions that lack point sources. We studied Hg biomagnification patterns in the food web of Río Las Marías,...

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Published inThe Science of the total environment Vol. 417-418; pp. 92 - 97
Main Authors Kwon, Sae Yun, McIntyre, Peter B., Flecker, Alexander S., Campbell, Linda M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Kidlington Elsevier B.V 15.02.2012
Elsevier
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Abstract Anthropogenic and natural mercury (Hg) contamination have been a major concern in South America since the early 1900s, but it remains unclear whether Hg levels pose a hazard to human health in regions that lack point sources. We studied Hg biomagnification patterns in the food web of Río Las Marías, an Andean piedmont stream in northern Venezuela, which supports a major subsistence fishery. Mercury concentrations and trophic positions in the food web (based on stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon) were characterized for 24 fish species representing seven trophic guilds (piscivore, generalized carnivore, omnivore, invertivore, algivore, terrestrial herbivore, detritivore). Mercury showed significant biomagnification through the food web, but vertical trophic position explained little of the variation. Muscle Hg concentrations also increased with body mass across the food web. Trophic guild assignments offered a useful alternative to explicit analysis of vertical trophic position; piscivores showed the highest Hg concentrations and terrestrial herbivores had the lowest. There were no consistent seasonal differences in Hg concentrations within the 5 species sampled during both the wet and dry seasons, suggesting that bioavailability is unaffected by strong seasonal variation in rainfall. From a human health perspective, many medium- to large-bodied species that are commonly eaten had Hg concentrations that exceeded International Marketing Limit (IML) (0.5μg/g) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (0.2μg/g) for consumption. We conclude that Hg concentrations may pose a health concern for local subsistence fishermen and their families. Our results suggest a need to perform risk assessment and better understand contaminant levels in subsistence and commercial fisheries even in areas that lack known Hg point sources. ► Heavily-fished species often had Hg concentrations exceeding consumption guidelines. ► Hg biomagnification rates were low compared to other ecosystems. ► Trophic guild membership was an adequate predictor of Hg concentrations in lieu of high-resolution information. ► Hg concentrations showed no clear differences between seasons despite major fluctuations in rainfall.
AbstractList Anthropogenic and natural mercury (Hg) contamination have been a major concern in South America since the early 1900s, but it remains unclear whether Hg levels pose a hazard to human health in regions that lack point sources. We studied Hg biomagnification patterns in the food web of Río Las Marías, an Andean piedmont stream in northern Venezuela, which supports a major subsistence fishery. Mercury concentrations and trophic positions in the food web (based on stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon) were characterized for 24 fish species representing seven trophic guilds (piscivore, generalized carnivore, omnivore, invertivore, algivore, terrestrial herbivore, detritivore). Mercury showed significant biomagnification through the food web, but vertical trophic position explained little of the variation. Muscle Hg concentrations also increased with body mass across the food web. Trophic guild assignments offered a useful alternative to explicit analysis of vertical trophic position; piscivores showed the highest Hg concentrations and terrestrial herbivores had the lowest. There were no consistent seasonal differences in Hg concentrations within the 5 species sampled during both the wet and dry seasons, suggesting that bioavailability is unaffected by strong seasonal variation in rainfall. From a human health perspective, many medium- to large-bodied species that are commonly eaten had Hg concentrations that exceeded International Marketing Limit (IML) (0.5 μg/g) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (0.2 μg/g) for consumption. We conclude that Hg concentrations may pose a health concern for local subsistence fishermen and their families. Our results suggest a need to perform risk assessment and better understand contaminant levels in subsistence and commercial fisheries even in areas that lack known Hg point sources.
Anthropogenic and natural mercury (Hg) contamination have been a major concern in South America since the early 1900s, but it remains unclear whether Hg levels pose a hazard to human health in regions that lack point sources. We studied Hg biomagnification patterns in the food web of Río Las Marías, an Andean piedmont stream in northern Venezuela, which supports a major subsistence fishery. Mercury concentrations and trophic positions in the food web (based on stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon) were characterized for 24 fish species representing seven trophic guilds (piscivore, generalized carnivore, omnivore, invertivore, algivore, terrestrial herbivore, detritivore). Mercury showed significant biomagnification through the food web, but vertical trophic position explained little of the variation. Muscle Hg concentrations also increased with body mass across the food web. Trophic guild assignments offered a useful alternative to explicit analysis of vertical trophic position; piscivores showed the highest Hg concentrations and terrestrial herbivores had the lowest. There were no consistent seasonal differences in Hg concentrations within the 5 species sampled during both the wet and dry seasons, suggesting that bioavailability is unaffected by strong seasonal variation in rainfall. From a human health perspective, many medium- to large-bodied species that are commonly eaten had Hg concentrations that exceeded International Marketing Limit (IML) (0.5μg/g) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (0.2μg/g) for consumption. We conclude that Hg concentrations may pose a health concern for local subsistence fishermen and their families. Our results suggest a need to perform risk assessment and better understand contaminant levels in subsistence and commercial fisheries even in areas that lack known Hg point sources. ► Heavily-fished species often had Hg concentrations exceeding consumption guidelines. ► Hg biomagnification rates were low compared to other ecosystems. ► Trophic guild membership was an adequate predictor of Hg concentrations in lieu of high-resolution information. ► Hg concentrations showed no clear differences between seasons despite major fluctuations in rainfall.
Author Kwon, Sae Yun
Campbell, Linda M.
Flecker, Alexander S.
McIntyre, Peter B.
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Keywords Tropical river
Stable isotope
Trophic guild
Mercury
Seasonal inundation
Prochilodus
Rivers
Guild
Heavy metal
Freshwater environment
Trace element
Flood
Food web
Seasonal variation
Stream
Neotropical Region
Isotopes
Biomagnification
Language English
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Snippet Anthropogenic and natural mercury (Hg) contamination have been a major concern in South America since the early 1900s, but it remains unclear whether Hg levels...
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SubjectTerms Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Applied ecology
Biological and medical sciences
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Fishes - metabolism
Food Chain
Fresh water ecosystems
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Linear Models
Mercury
Mercury - analysis
Mercury - pharmacokinetics
Muscle, Skeletal - chemistry
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Prochilodus
Rivers
Seasonal inundation
Seasons
Stable isotope
Synecology
Trophic guild
Tropical Climate
Tropical river
Venezuela
Title Mercury biomagnification in the food web of a neotropical stream
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.060
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22257508
https://search.proquest.com/docview/922762355
Volume 417-418
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