R&D investments and employment decisions as a function of enterprise size and regional population density before and during COVID-19
Norwegian data show that from 2018 to 2020, enterprises in densely populated regions increased R&D investments relative to those in sparsely populated regions, but not from 2016 to 2018. Therefore, COVID-19 likely induced the shift. The findings imply that densely populated regions have become m...
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| Published in | Frontiers in research metrics and analytics Vol. 8; p. 1107309 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
23.02.2023
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| ISSN | 2504-0537 2504-0537 |
| DOI | 10.3389/frma.2023.1107309 |
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| Abstract | Norwegian data show that from 2018 to 2020, enterprises in densely populated regions increased R&D investments relative to those in sparsely populated regions, but not from 2016 to 2018. Therefore, COVID-19 likely induced the shift. The findings imply that densely populated regions have become more R&D-intensive, while sparsely populated regions have become less R&D-intensive during the pandemic. Small enterprises increased both R&D investments and employment from 2018 to 2020 relative to large enterprises and the analyses control for regression toward the mean effects. The findings were similar to those observed in the period from 2016 to 2018, which rules out COVID-19 as an explanation. Instead, the waves of data indicate a long-term trend where small enterprises increased R&D investments and employment. |
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| AbstractList | Norwegian data show that from 2018 to 2020, enterprises in densely populated regions increased R&D investments relative to those in sparsely populated regions, but not from 2016 to 2018. Therefore, COVID-19 likely induced the shift. The findings imply that densely populated regions have become more R&D-intensive, while sparsely populated regions have become less R&D-intensive during the pandemic. Small enterprises increased both R&D investments and employment from 2018 to 2020 relative to large enterprises and the analyses control for regression toward the mean effects. The findings were similar to those observed in the period from 2016 to 2018, which rules out COVID-19 as an explanation. Instead, the waves of data indicate a long-term trend where small enterprises increased R&D investments and employment.Norwegian data show that from 2018 to 2020, enterprises in densely populated regions increased R&D investments relative to those in sparsely populated regions, but not from 2016 to 2018. Therefore, COVID-19 likely induced the shift. The findings imply that densely populated regions have become more R&D-intensive, while sparsely populated regions have become less R&D-intensive during the pandemic. Small enterprises increased both R&D investments and employment from 2018 to 2020 relative to large enterprises and the analyses control for regression toward the mean effects. The findings were similar to those observed in the period from 2016 to 2018, which rules out COVID-19 as an explanation. Instead, the waves of data indicate a long-term trend where small enterprises increased R&D investments and employment. Norwegian data show that from 2018 to 2020, enterprises in densely populated regions increased R&D investments relative to those in sparsely populated regions, but not from 2016 to 2018. Therefore, COVID-19 likely induced the shift. The findings imply that densely populated regions have become more R&D-intensive, while sparsely populated regions have become less R&D-intensive during the pandemic. Small enterprises increased both R&D investments and employment from 2018 to 2020 relative to large enterprises and the analyses control for regression toward the mean effects. The findings were similar to those observed in the period from 2016 to 2018, which rules out COVID-19 as an explanation. Instead, the waves of data indicate a long-term trend where small enterprises increased R&D investments and employment. |
| Author | Aarstad, Jarle Jakobsen, Stig-Erik Kvitastein, Olav Andreas |
| AuthorAffiliation | The Mohn Centre for Innovation and Regional Development, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Bergen , Norway |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36909679$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/radm.12528 10.5465/AMR.2009.44885978 10.1016/j.respol.2016.01.013 10.1177/14657503211030808 10.1108/JAAR-05-2021-0131 10.1016/j.qref.2021.05.008 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.07.007 10.1080/19186444.2021.1936852 10.1108/JFM-09-2021-0105. 10.3389/frsus.2022.913337 10.1080/08985626.2018.1444104 10.1002/pa.2773 10.1126/science.159.3810.56 10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101607 10.1177/0266242620947946 10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_387 10.2307/2095101 10.1287/orsc.2.1.71 10.1111/radm.12454 10.1080/00291951.2019.1669703 10.1080/13215906.2021.1989626 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2023 Aarstad, Jakobsen and Kvitastein. Copyright © 2023 Aarstad, Jakobsen and Kvitastein. 2023 Aarstad, Jakobsen and Kvitastein |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 R&D investments regions employment enterprise size |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2023 Aarstad, Jakobsen and Kvitastein. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: André Van Stel, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Reviewed by: Catalina Martínez, Institute of Public Goods and Policies (CSIC), Spain; Elena Makrevska Disoska, Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, North Macedonia; Katerina Toshevska-Trpchevska, Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, North Macedonia This article was submitted to Research Policy and Strategic Management, a section of the journal Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics |
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| Title | R&D investments and employment decisions as a function of enterprise size and regional population density before and during COVID-19 |
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