Quintuple Helix Innovation Model for the European Union Defense Industry—An Empirical Research

• Published in: Sustainability Vol. 14; no. 24; p. 16499
• Main Authors: Reis, João, Rosado, David Pascoal, Ribeiro, Diogo Freitas, Melão, Nuno
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2022
• Subjects: Case studies; Common Security and Defence Policy; Cooperation; Defense industry; Globalization; Innovations; International economic relations; Knowledge economy; Military personnel; Sustainability; System theory; United Kingdom; Portugal; Europe; Japan

The European defense industry is undergoing profound upheavals, and traditional innovation models may no longer be adequate. For this reason, further investigation is needed to know if the triple helix (TH) is suitable for one of the most influential industries in the world. If not suitable, it is n...