In defence of digital contact-tracing: human rights, South Korea and Covid-19

• Published in: International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 383 - 407
• Main Author: Ryan, Mark
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bingley Emerald Publishing Limited 25.08.2020; Emerald Group Publishing Limited
• Subjects: Contact tracing; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Disease control; Disease transmission; Epidemics; Ethics; European court of human rights; Global economy; Global positioning systems; GPS; Herd immunity; Human rights; Pandemic surveillance; Pandemics; Prevention; Privacy; South Korea; Technology ethics; South Korea; Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; Pandemic surveillance; South Korea; European court of human rights; Technology ethics; Covid-19
• DOI: 10.1108/IJPCC-07-2020-0081
• ISSN: 1742-7371; 1742-738X

Purpose The media has even been very critical of some East Asian countries’ use of digital contact-tracing to control Covid-19. For example, South Korea has been criticised for its use of privacy-infringing digital contact-tracing. However, whether their type of digital contact-tracing was unnecessarily harmful to the human rights of Korean citizens is open for debate. The purpose of this paper is to examine this criticism to see if Korea’s digital contact-tracing is ethically justifiable. Design/methodology/approach This paper will evaluate Korea’s digital contact-tracing through the lens of the four human rights principles to determine if their response is ethically justifiable. These four principles were originally outlined in the European Court of Human Rights, namely, necessary, proportional, scientifically valid and time-bounded (European Court of Human Rights 1950). Findings The paper will propose that while the use of Korea’s digital contact-tracing was scientifically valid and proportionate (albeit, in need for improvements), it meets the necessity requirement, but is too vague to meet the time-boundedness requirement. Originality/value The Covid-19 pandemic has proven to be one of the worst threats to human health and the global economy in the past century. There have been many different strategies to tackle the pandemic, from somewhat laissez-faire approaches, herd immunity, to strict draconian measures. Analysis of the approaches taken in the response to the pandemic is of high scientific value and this paper is one of the first to critically engage with one of these methods – digital contact-tracing in South Korea.