The Transient Mechanics of Muscle Require Only a Single Force-Producing Cross-Bridge State and a 100 Å Working Stroke

An informative probe of myosin cross-bridge behaviour in active muscle is a mechanical transient experiment where, for example, a fully active muscle initially held at constant length is suddenly shortened to a new fixed length, providing a force transient, or has its load suddenly reduced, providin...

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Published inBiology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 9; no. 12; p. 475
Main Authors Knupp, Carlo, Squire, John M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 16.12.2020
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Abstract An informative probe of myosin cross-bridge behaviour in active muscle is a mechanical transient experiment where, for example, a fully active muscle initially held at constant length is suddenly shortened to a new fixed length, providing a force transient, or has its load suddenly reduced, providing a length transient. We describe the simplest cross-bridge mechanical cycle we could find to model these transients. We show using the statistical mechanics of 50,000 cross-bridges that a simple cycle with two actin-attached cross-bridge states, one producing no force and the other producing force, will explain much of what has been observed experimentally, and we discuss the implications of this modelling for our understanding of how muscle works. We show that this same simple model will explain, reasonably well, the isotonic mechanical and X-ray transients under different loads observed by Reconditi et al. (2004, Nature 428, 578) and that there is no need to invoke different cross-bridge step sizes under these different conditions; a step size of 100 Å works well for all loads. We do not claim that this model provides a total mechanical explanation of how muscle works. However, we do suggest that only if there are other observations that cannot be explained by this simple model should something more complicated be considered.
AbstractList An informative probe of myosin cross-bridge behaviour in active muscle is a mechanical transient experiment where, for example, a fully active muscle initially held at constant length is suddenly shortened to a new fixed length, providing a force transient, or has its load suddenly reduced, providing a length transient. We describe the simplest cross-bridge mechanical cycle we could find to model these transients. We show using the statistical mechanics of 50,000 cross-bridges that a simple cycle with two actin-attached cross-bridge states, one producing no force and the other producing force, will explain much of what has been observed experimentally, and we discuss the implications of this modelling for our understanding of how muscle works. We show that this same simple model will explain, reasonably well, the isotonic mechanical and X-ray transients under different loads observed by Reconditi et al. (2004, Nature 428, 578) and that there is no need to invoke different cross-bridge step sizes under these different conditions; a step size of 100 Å works well for all loads. We do not claim that this model provides a total mechanical explanation of how muscle works. However, we do suggest that only if there are other observations that cannot be explained by this simple model should something more complicated be considered.
Author Knupp, Carlo
Squire, John M
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, UK
2 Muscle Contraction Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; j.squire@imperial.ac.uk
1 School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
– name: 2 Muscle Contraction Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; j.squire@imperial.ac.uk
– name: 3 Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, UK
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Carlo
  surname: Knupp
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  organization: School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-6656-7390
  surname: Squire
  fullname: Squire, John M
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33339405$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 12
Keywords myosin cross-bridge cycle
muscle transients
length steps
isotonic shortening
Language English
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Snippet An informative probe of myosin cross-bridge behaviour in active muscle is a mechanical transient experiment where, for example, a fully active muscle initially...
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SubjectTerms Actin
Binding sites
isotonic shortening
length steps
Mechanics
muscle transients
Myosin
myosin cross-bridge cycle
Probability
Tetanus
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Title The Transient Mechanics of Muscle Require Only a Single Force-Producing Cross-Bridge State and a 100 Å Working Stroke
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33339405
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