Simultaneous removal of toxic ammonia and lettuce cultivation in aquaponic system using microwave pyrolysis biochar

[Display omitted] •Aquaponic approach incorporating microwave pyrolysis biochar is examined.•Biochar is microporous with high surface area for use as biological carrier.•It removes 67% of ammonia and 68% of total suspended solids.•It promotes lettuce growth, maintains acceptable BOD5 level and 100%...

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Published inJournal of hazardous materials Vol. 396; p. 122610
Main Authors Su, Man Huan, Azwar, Elfina, Yang, YaFeng, Sonne, Christian, Yek, Peter Nai Yuh, Liew, Rock Keey, Cheng, Chin Kui, Show, Pau Loke, Lam, Su Shiung
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 05.09.2020
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ISSN0304-3894
1873-3336
1873-3336
DOI10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122610

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Abstract [Display omitted] •Aquaponic approach incorporating microwave pyrolysis biochar is examined.•Biochar is microporous with high surface area for use as biological carrier.•It removes 67% of ammonia and 68% of total suspended solids.•It promotes lettuce growth, maintains acceptable BOD5 level and 100% fish survival.•The approach achieves simultaneous removal of toxic ammonia and lettuce cultivation. This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial conversion into nitrates, which then acted as a nutrient substance to cultivate lettuce in hydroponic tank. We found that microwave pyrolysis biochar (450 g) having microporous (1.803 nm) and high BET surface area (419 m2/g) was suitable for use as biological carrier to grow nitrifying bacteria (63 g of biofilm mass) that treated the water quality through removing the ammonia (67%) and total suspended solids (68%), resulting in low concentration of remaining ammonia (0.42 mg/L) and total suspended solid (59.40 mg/L). It also increased the pH (6.8), converted the ammonia into nitrate (29.7 mg/L), and increased the nitrogen uptake by the lettuce (110 mg of nitrogen per plant), resulting in higher growth in lettuce (0.0562 %/day) while maintaining BOD5 level (3.94 mg/L) at acceptable level and 100% of catfish survival rate. Our results demonstrated that microwave pyrolysis biochar can be a promising solution for growing nitrifying bacteria in aquaponic system for simultaneous toxic ammonia remediation and generation of nitrate for growing vegetable in aquaculture industry.
AbstractList This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial conversion into nitrates, which then acted as a nutrient substance to cultivate lettuce in hydroponic tank. We found that microwave pyrolysis biochar (450 g) having microporous (1.803 nm) and high BET surface area (419 m²/g) was suitable for use as biological carrier to grow nitrifying bacteria (63 g of biofilm mass) that treated the water quality through removing the ammonia (67%) and total suspended solids (68%), resulting in low concentration of remaining ammonia (0.42 mg/L) and total suspended solid (59.40 mg/L). It also increased the pH (6.8), converted the ammonia into nitrate (29.7 mg/L), and increased the nitrogen uptake by the lettuce (110 mg of nitrogen per plant), resulting in higher growth in lettuce (0.0562 %/day) while maintaining BOD₅ level (3.94 mg/L) at acceptable level and 100% of catfish survival rate. Our results demonstrated that microwave pyrolysis biochar can be a promising solution for growing nitrifying bacteria in aquaponic system for simultaneous toxic ammonia remediation and generation of nitrate for growing vegetable in aquaculture industry.
[Display omitted] •Aquaponic approach incorporating microwave pyrolysis biochar is examined.•Biochar is microporous with high surface area for use as biological carrier.•It removes 67% of ammonia and 68% of total suspended solids.•It promotes lettuce growth, maintains acceptable BOD5 level and 100% fish survival.•The approach achieves simultaneous removal of toxic ammonia and lettuce cultivation. This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial conversion into nitrates, which then acted as a nutrient substance to cultivate lettuce in hydroponic tank. We found that microwave pyrolysis biochar (450 g) having microporous (1.803 nm) and high BET surface area (419 m2/g) was suitable for use as biological carrier to grow nitrifying bacteria (63 g of biofilm mass) that treated the water quality through removing the ammonia (67%) and total suspended solids (68%), resulting in low concentration of remaining ammonia (0.42 mg/L) and total suspended solid (59.40 mg/L). It also increased the pH (6.8), converted the ammonia into nitrate (29.7 mg/L), and increased the nitrogen uptake by the lettuce (110 mg of nitrogen per plant), resulting in higher growth in lettuce (0.0562 %/day) while maintaining BOD5 level (3.94 mg/L) at acceptable level and 100% of catfish survival rate. Our results demonstrated that microwave pyrolysis biochar can be a promising solution for growing nitrifying bacteria in aquaponic system for simultaneous toxic ammonia remediation and generation of nitrate for growing vegetable in aquaculture industry.
This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial conversion into nitrates, which then acted as a nutrient substance to cultivate lettuce in hydroponic tank. We found that microwave pyrolysis biochar (450 g) having microporous (1.803 nm) and high BET surface area (419 m /g) was suitable for use as biological carrier to grow nitrifying bacteria (63 g of biofilm mass) that treated the water quality through removing the ammonia (67%) and total suspended solids (68%), resulting in low concentration of remaining ammonia (0.42 mg/L) and total suspended solid (59.40 mg/L). It also increased the pH (6.8), converted the ammonia into nitrate (29.7 mg/L), and increased the nitrogen uptake by the lettuce (110 mg of nitrogen per plant), resulting in higher growth in lettuce (0.0562 %/day) while maintaining BOD level (3.94 mg/L) at acceptable level and 100% of catfish survival rate. Our results demonstrated that microwave pyrolysis biochar can be a promising solution for growing nitrifying bacteria in aquaponic system for simultaneous toxic ammonia remediation and generation of nitrate for growing vegetable in aquaculture industry.
This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial conversion into nitrates, which then acted as a nutrient substance to cultivate lettuce in hydroponic tank. We found that microwave pyrolysis biochar (450 g) having microporous (1.803 nm) and high BET surface area (419 m2/g) was suitable for use as biological carrier to grow nitrifying bacteria (63 g of biofilm mass) that treated the water quality through removing the ammonia (67%) and total suspended solids (68%), resulting in low concentration of remaining ammonia (0.42 mg/L) and total suspended solid (59.40 mg/L). It also increased the pH (6.8), converted the ammonia into nitrate (29.7 mg/L), and increased the nitrogen uptake by the lettuce (110 mg of nitrogen per plant), resulting in higher growth in lettuce (0.0562 %/day) while maintaining BOD5 level (3.94 mg/L) at acceptable level and 100% of catfish survival rate. Our results demonstrated that microwave pyrolysis biochar can be a promising solution for growing nitrifying bacteria in aquaponic system for simultaneous toxic ammonia remediation and generation of nitrate for growing vegetable in aquaculture industry.This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial conversion into nitrates, which then acted as a nutrient substance to cultivate lettuce in hydroponic tank. We found that microwave pyrolysis biochar (450 g) having microporous (1.803 nm) and high BET surface area (419 m2/g) was suitable for use as biological carrier to grow nitrifying bacteria (63 g of biofilm mass) that treated the water quality through removing the ammonia (67%) and total suspended solids (68%), resulting in low concentration of remaining ammonia (0.42 mg/L) and total suspended solid (59.40 mg/L). It also increased the pH (6.8), converted the ammonia into nitrate (29.7 mg/L), and increased the nitrogen uptake by the lettuce (110 mg of nitrogen per plant), resulting in higher growth in lettuce (0.0562 %/day) while maintaining BOD5 level (3.94 mg/L) at acceptable level and 100% of catfish survival rate. Our results demonstrated that microwave pyrolysis biochar can be a promising solution for growing nitrifying bacteria in aquaponic system for simultaneous toxic ammonia remediation and generation of nitrate for growing vegetable in aquaculture industry.
ArticleNumber 122610
Author Yang, YaFeng
Yek, Peter Nai Yuh
Show, Pau Loke
Azwar, Elfina
Cheng, Chin Kui
Sonne, Christian
Liew, Rock Keey
Lam, Su Shiung
Su, Man Huan
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– sequence: 2
  givenname: Elfina
  surname: Azwar
  fullname: Azwar, Elfina
  organization: Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: YaFeng
  surname: Yang
  fullname: Yang, YaFeng
  organization: Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Christian
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5723-5263
  surname: Sonne
  fullname: Sonne, Christian
  organization: Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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  surname: Yek
  fullname: Yek, Peter Nai Yuh
  organization: Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Rock Keey
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8858-237X
  surname: Liew
  fullname: Liew, Rock Keey
  organization: NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Jalan Macalister, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang 10400, Malaysia
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Chin Kui
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2984-7606
  surname: Cheng
  fullname: Cheng, Chin Kui
  organization: Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang Kuantan, Pahang 26300, Malaysia
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Pau Loke
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0913-5409
  surname: Show
  fullname: Show, Pau Loke
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  givenname: Su Shiung
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5318-1760
  surname: Lam
  fullname: Lam, Su Shiung
  email: lam@umt.edu.my
  organization: Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Keywords ammonia
Aquaponics
pyrolysis
biochar
lettuce
Language English
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Snippet [Display omitted] •Aquaponic approach incorporating microwave pyrolysis biochar is examined.•Biochar is microporous with high surface area for use as...
This study examined an aquaponic approach of circulating water containing ammonia excretions from African catfish grown in an aquaculture tank for bacterial...
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StartPage 122610
SubjectTerms Ammonia
aquaculture industry
Aquaponics
biochar
biochemical oxygen demand
biofilm
catfish
Charcoal
crop production
excretion
hydroponics
Lactuca
Lactuca sativa
lettuce
Microwaves
nitrates
nitrifying bacteria
nitrogen
porous media
Pyrolysis
remediation
surface area
survival rate
total suspended solids
toxicity
water quality
Title Simultaneous removal of toxic ammonia and lettuce cultivation in aquaponic system using microwave pyrolysis biochar
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122610
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32298865
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2391977581
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2439381797
Volume 396
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