Modeling for ecosystem management in Minnesota pine forests

• Published in: Biological conservation Vol. 80; no. 3; pp. 313 - 324
• Main Authors: Tester, J.R., Starfield, A.M., Frelich, L.E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.06.1997; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; deer browsing; ecosystem management; fire; Forest management. Stand types and stand dynamics. Silvicultural treatments. Tending of stands. Natural regeneration; Forestry; frame-based model; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Odocoileus virginianus; Parks, reserves, wildlife conservation. Endangered species: population survey and restocking; pine forest; Stand types and stand dynamics. Silvicultural treatments. Tending of stands. Natural regeneration; white pine; Minnesota; United States; North America; America; USA, Minnesota; frame-based model; white pine; fire; ecosystem management; pine forest; deer browsing; Gymnospermae; Forest management; Coniferales; Spermatophyta; Pinus; Environmental management; Modeling; Vegetation succession; Browsing (damage); Controlled burning; Coniferous forest

Ecosystem management implies a concern over time periods of tens to hundreds of years for sites on a scale of tens to hundreds of hectares. Decision makers need to be able to model the likely consequences of alternative management strategies at these temporal and spatial scales. They therefore requi...