Aggregate Flexibility of Thermostatically Controlled Loads
It is widely accepted that thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can be used to provide regulation reserve to the grid. We first argue that the aggregate flexibility offered by a collection of TCLs can be succinctly modeled as a stochastic battery with dissipation. We next characterize the power...
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| Published in | IEEE transactions on power systems Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 189 - 198 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
IEEE
01.01.2015
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | It is widely accepted that thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can be used to provide regulation reserve to the grid. We first argue that the aggregate flexibility offered by a collection of TCLs can be succinctly modeled as a stochastic battery with dissipation. We next characterize the power limits and energy capacity of this battery model in terms of TCL parameters and random exogenous variables such as ambient temperature and user-specified set-points. We then describe a direct load control architecture for regulation service provision. Here, we use a priority-stack-based control framework to select which TCLs to control at any time. The control objective is for the aggregate power deviation from baseline to track an automatic generation control signal supplied by the system operator. Simulation studies suggest the practical promise of our methods. |
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| AbstractList | It is widely accepted that thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can be used to provide regulation reserve to the grid. We first argue that the aggregate flexibility offered by a collection of TCLs can be succinctly modeled as a stochastic battery with dissipation. We next characterize the power limits and energy capacity of this battery model in terms of TCL parameters and random exogenous variables such as ambient temperature and user-specified set-points. We then describe a direct load control architecture for regulation service provision. Here, we use a priority-stack-based control framework to select which TCLs to control at any time. The control objective is for the aggregate power deviation from baseline to track an automatic generation control signal supplied by the system operator. Simulation studies suggest the practical promise of our methods. |
| Author | Poolla, Kameshwar He Hao Vincent, Tyrone L. Sanandaji, Borhan M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 surname: He Hao fullname: He Hao email: hehao@berkeley.edu organization: Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Borhan M. surname: Sanandaji fullname: Sanandaji, Borhan M. organization: Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Kameshwar surname: Poolla fullname: Poolla, Kameshwar organization: Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Tyrone L. surname: Vincent fullname: Vincent, Tyrone L. organization: Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Colorado Sch. of Mines, Golden, CO, USA |
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| CODEN | ITPSEG |
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| References | ref13 ref15 ref14 helman (ref5) 2010 ref11 ref10 (ref7) 0 ref2 mathieu (ref24) 2012 ref16 ref19 ref18 kirby (ref1) 2007 mathieu (ref17) 2013 kundu (ref12) 2011 shu (ref21) 2012 (ref22) 2007 ref23 ref25 ref20 (ref6) 0 ref28 ref9 ref4 ref3 macdonald (ref26) 2012 (ref8) 2010 (ref27) 0 |
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| Snippet | It is widely accepted that thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can be used to provide regulation reserve to the grid. We first argue that the aggregate... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aggregates Batteries Control Control systems Coordinated aggregation demand response Deviation Electric batteries Flexibility Frequency control frequency regulation generalized battery model load flexibility Load modeling Mathematical model Mathematical models Reserves smart grid Sociology Statistics thermostatically controlled loads |
| Title | Aggregate Flexibility of Thermostatically Controlled Loads |
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