Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 18; no. 23; p. 12427
Main Authors Mohammad Ilias, Muhammad Khalish, Hossain, Md. Sohrab, Ngteni, Rahmat, Al-Gheethi, Adel, Ahmad, Harlina, Omar, Fatehah Mohd, Naushad, Mu, Pandey, Sadanand
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 25.11.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Ammonia
By products
Chemical oxygen demand
Coagulants
Coagulation
Efficiency
Effluents
Environmental cleanup
Environmental restoration
Experiments
Ferrous sulfate
Industrial effluents
Industrial wastewater
Iron sulfates
Manufacturing
Manufacturing industry
Methods
Nitrogen
Nutrients
Response surface methodology
Rubber
Sedimentation & deposition
Sludge
Sulfates
Sustainability
Titanium
Titanium oxides
Wastewater discharges
Wastewater treatment
Water treatment
United States > US
Malaysia
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Abstract The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO4·7H2O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH3-N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH3-N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH3-N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH3-N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study’s finding showed that FeSO4·7H2O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.
AbstractList The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO4·7H2O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH3-N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH3-N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH3-N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH3-N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study’s finding showed that FeSO4·7H2O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.
The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH 3 -N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH 3 -N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH 3 -N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH 3 -N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study’s finding showed that FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.
Author Mohammad Ilias, Muhammad Khalish
Ahmad, Harlina
Naushad, Mu
Hossain, Md. Sohrab
Ngteni, Rahmat
Omar, Fatehah Mohd
Al-Gheethi, Adel
Pandey, Sadanand
AuthorAffiliation 6 Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; sadanand.au@gmail.com
2 Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd, Carey Island 42900, Selangor, Malaysia; rahmat.ngteni@simedarbyplantation.com
4 School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia; cefatehah@usm.my
5 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; mnaushad@ksu.edu.sa
1 Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; muhdkhalish.ilias@student.usm.my (M.K.M.I.); harlinaa@usm.my (H.A.)
3 Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built & Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia; adel@uthm.edu.my
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; mnaushad@ksu.edu.sa
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– name: 3 Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built & Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia; adel@uthm.edu.my
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– name: 1 Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; muhdkhalish.ilias@student.usm.my (M.K.M.I.); harlinaa@usm.my (H.A.)
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2021 by the authors. 2021
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Snippet The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant...
The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective...
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StartPage 12427
SubjectTerms Ammonia
By products
Chemical oxygen demand
Coagulants
Coagulation
Efficiency
Effluents
Environmental cleanup
Environmental restoration
Experiments
Ferrous sulfate
Industrial effluents
Industrial wastewater
Iron sulfates
Manufacturing
Manufacturing industry
Methods
Nitrogen
Nutrients
Response surface methodology
Rubber
Sedimentation & deposition
Sludge
Sulfates
Sustainability
Titanium
Titanium oxides
Wastewater discharges
Wastewater treatment
Water treatment
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Title Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent
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Volume 18
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