Combining SARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay with humoral response assessment to define immune memory profiles
Objectives In the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti‐Spike (S) immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unv...
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| Published in | European journal of immunology Vol. 54; no. 7; pp. e2451035 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Germany
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.07.2024
Wiley-VCH Verlag |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Objectives
In the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti‐Spike (S) immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T‐cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile.
Methods
SARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated.
Results
Close to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA‐positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long‐lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it.
Conclusion
The discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level.
Cell‐mediated immunity and humoral response appeared as essential in the protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We performed a whole‐blood Interferon‐gamma release assay alongside anti‐RBD‐IgG quantification in a population of immunocompetent healthcare workers followed longitudinally. We report that implementing T‐cell response monitoring offers additional insights to delineate a more comprehensive individual immune profile. |
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| AbstractList | ObjectivesIn the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti‐Spike (S) immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T‐cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile.MethodsSARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated.ResultsClose to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA‐positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long‐lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it.ConclusionThe discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level. Objectives In the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti‐Spike (S) immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T‐cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile. Methods SARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated. Results Close to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA‐positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long‐lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it. Conclusion The discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level. Cell‐mediated immunity and humoral response appeared as essential in the protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We performed a whole‐blood Interferon‐gamma release assay alongside anti‐RBD‐IgG quantification in a population of immunocompetent healthcare workers followed longitudinally. We report that implementing T‐cell response monitoring offers additional insights to delineate a more comprehensive individual immune profile. In the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic era, "breakthrough infections" are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti-Spike (S) immunoglobulin-G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T-cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile. SARS-CoV-2 interferon-gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti-receptor-binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated. Close to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA-positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long-lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti-receptor-binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it. The discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level. Abstract Objectives In the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti‐Spike (S) immunoglobulin‐G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T‐cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile. Methods SARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated. Results Close to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA‐positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long‐lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti‐receptor‐binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it. Conclusion The discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level. In the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic era, "breakthrough infections" are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti-Spike (S) immunoglobulin-G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T-cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile.OBJECTIVESIn the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic era, "breakthrough infections" are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity. Despite widespread utilization, the definition of the anti-Spike (S) immunoglobulin-G (IgG) threshold to define protection has unveiled several limitations. Here, we explore the advantages of incorporating T-cell response assessment to enhance the definition of immune memory profile.SARS-CoV-2 interferon-gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti-receptor-binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated.METHODSSARS-CoV-2 interferon-gamma release assay test (IGRA) was performed on samples collected longitudinally from immunocompetent healthcare workers throughout their immunization by infection and/or vaccination, anti-receptor-binding domain IgG levels were assessed in parallel. The risk of symptomatic infection according to cellular/humoral immune capacities during Omicron BA.1 wave was then estimated.Close to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA-positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long-lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti-receptor-binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it.RESULTSClose to 40% of our samples were exclusively IGRA-positive, largely due to time elapsed since their last immunization. This suggests that individuals have sustained long-lasting cellular immunity, while they would have been classified as lacking protective immunity based solely on IgG threshold. Moreover, the Cox regression model highlighted that Omicron BA.1 circulation raises the risk of symptomatic infection while increased anti-receptor-binding domain IgG and IGRA levels tended to reduce it.The discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level.CONCLUSIONThe discrepancy between humoral and cellular responses highlights the significance of assessing the overall adaptive immune response. This integrated approach allows the identification of vulnerable subjects and can be of interest to guide antiviral prophylaxis at an individual level. |
| Author | Trouillet‐Assant, Sophie Franc, Priscille Fleurie, Aurore Barnel, Cécile Fassier, Jean‐Baptiste Djebali, Sophia Pozzetto, Bruno Dubois, Valérie Dubois, Maxence Walzer, Thierry Oriol, Guy Compagnon, Christelle Daniel, Soizic Saade, Carla Brengel‐Pesce, Karen Lacoux, Xavier Berthier, Franck Mouton, William Saker, Kahina Mokdad, Bouchra Marvel, Jacqueline |
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In the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral... In the post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic era, "breakthrough infections" are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral immunity.... ObjectivesIn the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and waning humoral... Abstract Objectives In the post‐SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic era, “breakthrough infections” are still documented, due to variants of concerns (VoCs) emergence and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adaptive immunity Adult Antibodies, Viral - blood Antibodies, Viral - immunology Antiviral drugs Cell-mediated immunity COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 Vaccines - immunology Female Health Personnel Humans Humoral immunity Immune memory profile Immune response (humoral) Immunity, Humoral - immunology Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin G - immunology Immunologic Memory - immunology Immunological memory Immunology Infections Interferon Interferon-gamma - immunology Interferon-gamma - metabolism Interferon-gamma Release Tests - methods Interferon‐gamma release assay Life Sciences Male Medical personnel Middle Aged Prophylaxis SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology T-Lymphocytes - immunology Vaccination |
| Title | Combining SARS‐CoV‐2 interferon‐gamma release assay with humoral response assessment to define immune memory profiles |
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