Five common pitfalls in eye-tracking research
Eye tracking has become an increasingly popular research methodology among language researchers to examine online cognitive processing of second-language (L2) speakers and bilinguals. As the scope of eye-tracking research expands, there is a need to ensure that the methodology is used properly, so a...
Saved in:
Published in | Second language research Vol. 36; no. 3; pp. 277 - 305 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London, England
SAGE Publications
01.07.2020
Sage Publications Ltd |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | Eye tracking has become an increasingly popular research methodology among language researchers to examine online cognitive processing of second-language (L2) speakers and bilinguals. As the scope of eye-tracking research expands, there is a need to ensure that the methodology is used properly, so as to safeguard the validity of research findings and the empirical basis upon which theories are built. We present five pitfalls in eye-tracking research that may threaten the internal or external validity of the study. We offer concrete recommendations to avoid each pitfall and demonstrate how these recommendations can be implemented so researchers may take full advantage of the opportunities of eye-tracking research. The five pitfalls occur at all stages of the research cycle. We emphasize (1) adopting a confirmatory (theory-driven, hypothesis-testing) approach to research, (2) selecting and handling eye-movement measures in a principled manner, (3) aligning the research design with the eye tracker properties (spatial accuracy, precision), (4) inspecting raw, sample-level eye-tracking data and their preprocessing by the eye-tracking software. We conclude by inviting eye-tracking researchers (5) to embrace open science practices to enhance the replication and reproducibility of their work. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Eye tracking has become an increasingly popular research methodology among language researchers to examine online cognitive processing of second-language (L2) speakers and bilinguals. As the scope of eye-tracking research expands, there is a need to ensure that the methodology is used properly, so as to safeguard the validity of research findings and the empirical basis upon which theories are built. We present five pitfalls in eye-tracking research that may threaten the internal or external validity of the study. We offer concrete recommendations to avoid each pitfall and demonstrate how these recommendations can be implemented so researchers may take full advantage of the opportunities of eye-tracking research. The five pitfalls occur at all stages of the research cycle. We emphasize (1) adopting a confirmatory (theory-driven, hypothesis-testing) approach to research, (2) selecting and handling eye-movement measures in a principled manner, (3) aligning the research design with the eye tracker properties (spatial accuracy, precision), (4) inspecting raw, sample-level eye-tracking data and their preprocessing by the eye-tracking software. We conclude by inviting eye-tracking researchers (5) to embrace open science practices to enhance the replication and reproducibility of their work. |
Author | Hui, Bronson Godfroid, Aline |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Aline orcidid: 0000-0001-8011-7935 surname: Godfroid fullname: Godfroid, Aline email: godfroid@msu.edu organization: Second Language Studies, Michigan State University, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Bronson orcidid: 0000-0003-1822-3109 surname: Hui fullname: Hui, Bronson organization: Second Language Studies, Michigan State University, USA |
BackLink | http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1260910$$DView record in ERIC |
BookMark | eNp1kM1Lw0AQxRepYFu9exECnldndjfZ3aOU1g8KXvQcNptpTW2TupsK_e9NiCgInubwfu895k3YqG5qYuwS4QZR61sQmc5SIwVYgQLNCRuj0pqDFNmIjXuZ9_oZm8S4AUCDoMaML6pPSnyz2zV1sq_aldtuY1LVCR2Jt8H596peJ4EiueDfztlpB0S6-L5T9rqYv8we-PL5_nF2t-ReWt1yW6Y20xZKKpQDqYRy0pDx1irSwhCiMoVLU5SYkSYoU0mrVDtfFoX3AHLKrofcfWg-DhTbfNMcQt1V5kIJq7rPlOkoGCgfmhgDrfJ9qHYuHHOEvB8l_ztKZ7kaLBQq_4PPn1BkYLEv5oMe3Zp-S__N-wKF82pT |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_elerap_2024_101382 crossref_primary_10_1177_0267658320922578 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_system_2022_102831 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2022_872247 crossref_primary_10_1075_ttmc_00111_rag crossref_primary_10_1111_flan_12644 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hfh_2022_100031 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2020_3040495 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13414_021_02326_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aei_2023_102335 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rmal_2024_100095 crossref_primary_10_1162_opmi_a_00047 crossref_primary_10_1111_modl_12810 crossref_primary_10_1177_02676583211049741 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_023_02177_3 crossref_primary_10_1017_S136672892200089X crossref_primary_10_1177_02676583221128525 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40468_020_00107_0 crossref_primary_10_22599_jesla_92 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13428_023_02137_x crossref_primary_10_3390_s24092688 crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings14072106 crossref_primary_10_3390_languages9040141 crossref_primary_10_1093_ijl_ecad003 crossref_primary_10_3390_fi15110365 |
Cites_doi | 10.1111/lang.12337 10.1017/S1366728913000321 10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.726 10.1126/science.aab2374 10.3758/s13428-016-0755-8 10.1017/9781108233279 10.1017/S0142716411000488 10.1017/S1366728906002847 10.1017/CBO9781139524780.003 10.3726/978-3-653-02932-1/4 10.1017/S0142716418000036 10.1017/S0272263117000109 10.1126/science.aac4716 10.1017/S0272263117000274 10.1515/9781400884940 10.1017/S0272263114000850 10.1037/0033-295X.87.4.329 10.1371/journal.pone.0026828 10.1017/S0142716412000501 10.1017/S027226319700404X 10.1006/jmla.2001.2832 10.1111/lang.12284 10.4324/9781315621395 10.1017/S1366728915000838 10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00032-3 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01832 10.1080/17470210902816461 10.1017/S1366728915000103 10.1017/S0272263115000029 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372 10.4324/9781315165080-4 10.1017/S0272263118000165 10.1075/lllt.51.10mar 10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.07.002 10.1111/lang.12113 10.1037/0096-3445.135.1.12 10.1016/j.jml.2016.10.003 10.1017/CBO9780511816819.004 10.1177/0265532216677105 10.4324/9781315160559-6 10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.003 10.3758/s13428-017-0998-z 10.1017/S0142716414000290 10.1016/j.edurev.2013.10.001 10.1111/lang.12286 10.1002/bdm.1867 10.1002/acp.1525 10.1016/B978-008044980-7/50017-3 10.1002/tesq.423 10.1111/lang.12293 10.1017/S0272263112000903 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | The Author(s) 2020 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2020 |
DBID | 7SW BJH BNH BNI BNJ BNO ERI PET REK WWN AAYXX CITATION 7T9 |
DOI | 10.1177/0267658320921218 |
DatabaseName | ERIC ERIC (Ovid) ERIC ERIC ERIC (Legacy Platform) ERIC( SilverPlatter ) ERIC ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform) Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) ERIC CrossRef Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) |
DatabaseTitle | ERIC CrossRef Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) |
DatabaseTitleList | ERIC Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) CrossRef |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: ERI name: ERIC url: https://eric.ed.gov/ sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Languages & Literatures |
EISSN | 1477-0326 |
ERIC | EJ1260910 |
EndPage | 305 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1177_0267658320921218 EJ1260910 10.1177_0267658320921218 |
GroupedDBID | --Z -MK -TM -W8 -~X .2G .2L .GO 0-V 01A 09Z 0R~ 123 1~K 2AX 31S 31V 31W 31X 3V. 4.4 54M 56W 5VS 85S 8FW 8G5 8R4 8R5 AABOD AACKU AADIR AADUE AAFWJ AAGGD AAHSB AAJPV AAKTJ AALJN AAMFR AAMGE AANSI AAPEO AAQDB AARIX AATAA AAWLO AAYOK ABAWP ABBHK ABCCA ABEIX ABFXH ABHQH ABIWW ABJNI ABKRH ABPNF ABQKF ABQPY ABQXT ABRHV ABTAH ABUWG ABXSQ ABYTW ACAEP ACDXX ACFUR ACFZE ACGFS ACHQT ACLZU ACNCT ACOFE ACOXC ACROE ACSIQ ACTQU ACUFS ACUIR ACZOB ADACV ADEIA ADPEE ADRRZ ADTOS ADUKL ADULT AEOBU AERSA AESMA AESZF AEUHG AEUIJ AEUPB AEVPJ AEWDL AEWHI AEXNY AFEET AFFNX AFKBI AFKRA AFKRG AFMOU AFQAA AFUIA AGDVU AGKLV AGNHF AGNWV AGWVZ AHHFK AHWHD AIMQZ AIOMO AJUZI AKJNG ALJHS ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI ANDLU AORZM ARALO ARTOV ARYUH ASPBG ATKJL AUTPY AUVAJ AVQMV AVWKF AYPQM AZFZN AZQEC B8O B8S B8T B8Z BDZRT BENPR BMVBW BPACV BPHCQ BYIEH CAG CAKTK CBRKF CCGJY CCPQU CEADM CJNVE COF COXJP CPGLG CRLPW CS3 DD0 DD~ DG~ DOPDO DU5 DV7 DV8 DWQXO EBS ECE EDJ EJD FEDTE FHBDP G8K GNUQQ GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION GUQSH HF~ HVGLF HZ~ IN- IPSME J8X JAAYA JBMMH JCYGO JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLEZI JLXEF JPL JSODD JST K50 LIQON M0P M1D M2O M2R M4V N9A O9- P.B P2P PQEDU PQQKQ PROAC Q1R Q2X Q7O Q7P Q7X RIG ROL S01 SA0 SCNPE SFB SFC SFK SFN SFT SGP SGU SGV SHB SHF SHM SPJ SQCSI SSDHQ WH7 XIH XKC ZPLXX ZPPRI ZY4 ~32 7SW AEDXQ BJH BNH BNI BNJ BNO ERI H13 PET REK WWN AAYXX ACJER CITATION 7T9 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c397t-9d596790deb4a03424a38e8c994e728e1148ba551316e7e0d53ef57acdbbcc003 |
ISSN | 0267-6583 |
IngestDate | Fri Sep 13 10:42:47 EDT 2024 Thu Sep 12 19:02:33 EDT 2024 Fri Sep 06 12:16:57 EDT 2024 Tue Jul 16 20:44:53 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
IsOpenAccess | false |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 3 |
Keywords | data quality eye-movement measures open science research methodology eye tracking confirmatory research |
Language | English |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c397t-9d596790deb4a03424a38e8c994e728e1148ba551316e7e0d53ef57acdbbcc003 |
ORCID | 0000-0001-8011-7935 0000-0003-1822-3109 |
PQID | 2429414748 |
PQPubID | 37141 |
PageCount | 29 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2429414748 crossref_primary_10_1177_0267658320921218 eric_primary_EJ1260910 sage_journals_10_1177_0267658320921218 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2020-07-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-07-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2020 text: 2020-07-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | London, England |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: London, England – name: London |
PublicationTitle | Second language research |
PublicationYear | 2020 |
Publisher | SAGE Publications Sage Publications Ltd |
Publisher_xml | – name: SAGE Publications – name: Sage Publications Ltd |
References | Trenkic, Mirkovic, Altmann 2014; 17 Pozzan, Trueswell 2016; 19 Prichard, Atkins 2018; 52 Orquin, Holmqvist 2018; 50 Elgort, Brysbaert, Stevens, Van Assche 2018; 40 Hudson, Llosa 2015; 65 Kliegl, Nuthmann, Engbert 2006; 135 Carrol, Conklin 2014; 7 Dussias, Sagarra 2007; 10 Felser, Cunnings 2012; 33 Trueswell, Sekerina, Hill, Logrip 1999; 73 Wang, Mulvey, Pelz, Holmqvist 2017; 49 Schimke, de La Fuente, Hemforth, Colonna 2018; 68 McCray, Brunfaut 2018; 35 Bax, Weir 2012; 47 2015; 349 Wicherts, Veldkamp, Augusteijn 2016; 7 Reichle, Pollatsek, Rayner 2006; 7 Marsden, Thompson, Plonsky 2018; 39 Polio, Gass 1997; 19 Lim, Christianson 2015; 36 Godfroid, Loewen, Jung 2015; 37 Ellis, Hafeez, Martin 2014; 35 Marsden, Morgan-Short, Trofimovich, Ellis 2018; 68 Von der Malsburg, Angele 2017; 94 Holsanova, Holmberg, Holmqvist 2009; 23 Jung, Révész 2018; 40 Rayner 2009; 62 Plonsky, Egbert, Laflair 2015; 36 Marsden, Trofimovich, Ellis 2019; 69 Winke 2013; 35 Rayner 1998; 124 Wicherts, Bakker, Molenaar 2011; 6 Cintrón-Valentín, Ellis 2015; 37 Bojko, Adamczyk 2010; 9 Carrol, Conklin 2017; 20 Wong, Ito 2018; 40 Henderson 2017; 21 Marsden, Morgan-Short, Thompson, Abugaber 2018; 68 Nosek, Alter, Banks 2015; 348 Chambers, Tanenhaus, Eberhard, Filip, Carlson 2002; 47 Just, Carpenter 1980; 87 Orquin, Ashby, Clarke 2016; 29 Lai, Tsai, Yang 2013; 10 Wicherts, Borsboom, Kats, Molenaar 2006; 61 bibr4-0267658320921218 bibr68-0267658320921218 bibr26-0267658320921218 bibr69-0267658320921218 bibr18-0267658320921218 Porte G (bibr49-0267658320921218) 2012 bibr50-0267658320921218 bibr16-0267658320921218 bibr35-0267658320921218 bibr43-0267658320921218 bibr25-0267658320921218 Holmqvist K (bibr23-0267658320921218) 2011 bibr51-0267658320921218 bibr34-0267658320921218 bibr66-0267658320921218 bibr58-0267658320921218 bibr53-0267658320921218 bibr6-0267658320921218 bibr37-0267658320921218 Marsden E (bibr33-0267658320921218) 2016 Plonsky L (bibr47-0267658320921218) 2015; 36 bibr24-0267658320921218 bibr14-0267658320921218 bibr27-0267658320921218 bibr32-0267658320921218 bibr19-0267658320921218 bibr71-0267658320921218 bibr45-0267658320921218 Revelle W (bibr56-0267658320921218) 2018 Tabachnick BG (bibr60-0267658320921218) 2013 bibr39-0267658320921218 bibr12-0267658320921218 bibr55-0267658320921218 bibr63-0267658320921218 bibr46-0267658320921218 bibr48-0267658320921218 Cohen L (bibr9-0267658320921218) 2018 bibr30-0267658320921218 bibr7-0267658320921218 bibr29-0267658320921218 bibr8-0267658320921218 bibr13-0267658320921218 Merton RK (bibr40-0267658320921218) 1973 bibr64-0267658320921218 bibr38-0267658320921218 bibr21-0267658320921218 Kerlinger F (bibr28-0267658320921218) 2000 bibr10-0267658320921218 Carrol G (bibr3-0267658320921218) 2014; 7 bibr15-0267658320921218 Bojko A (bibr1-0267658320921218) 2010; 9 Bax S (bibr72-0267658320921218) 2012; 47 Hemforth B (bibr20-0267658320921218) 2010 bibr57-0267658320921218 bibr70-0267658320921218 bibr52-0267658320921218 bibr2-0267658320921218 bibr44-0267658320921218 bibr65-0267658320921218 bibr31-0267658320921218 Creswell JW (bibr11-0267658320921218) 2019 bibr5-0267658320921218 bibr54-0267658320921218 bibr67-0267658320921218 Henderson JM (bibr22-0267658320921218) 2004 Godfroid A (bibr17-0267658320921218) 2020 Mulvey F (bibr41-0267658320921218) 2018 bibr62-0267658320921218 bibr36-0267658320921218 |
References_xml | – volume: 47 start-page: 3 year: 2012 end-page: 14 article-title: Investigating learners’ cognitive reading processes during acomputer-based CAE Reading test publication-title: Research Notes contributor: fullname: Weir – volume: 40 start-page: 341 year: 2018 end-page: 66 article-title: Contextual word learning during reading in a second language: An eye-movement study publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition contributor: fullname: Van Assche – volume: 87 start-page: 329 year: 1980 end-page: 54 article-title: A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension publication-title: Psychological Review contributor: fullname: Carpenter – volume: 68 start-page: 321 year: 2018 end-page: 91 article-title: Replication in second language research: Narrative and systematic reviews and recommendations for the field publication-title: Language Learning contributor: fullname: Abugaber – volume: 35 start-page: 323 year: 2013 end-page: 52 article-title: The effects of input enhancement on grammar learning and comprehension: A modified replication of Lee (2007) with eye-movement data publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition contributor: fullname: Winke – volume: 29 start-page: 103 year: 2016 end-page: 15 article-title: Areas of interest as a signal detection problem in behavioral eye-tracking research publication-title: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making contributor: fullname: Clarke – volume: 50 start-page: 1645 year: 2018 end-page: 56 article-title: Threats to the validity of eye-movement research in psychology publication-title: Behavior Research Methods contributor: fullname: Holmqvist – volume: 37 start-page: 269 year: 2015 end-page: 97 article-title: Timed and untimed grammaticality judgments measure distinct types of knowledge: Evidence from eye-movement patterns publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition contributor: fullname: Jung – volume: 40 start-page: 241 year: 2018 end-page: 68 article-title: The effects of processing instruction and traditional instruction on L2 online processing of the causative construction in French: An eye-tracking study publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition contributor: fullname: Ito – volume: 49 start-page: 947 year: 2017 end-page: 59 article-title: A study of artificial eyes for the measurement of precision in eye-trackers publication-title: Behavior Research Methods contributor: fullname: Holmqvist – volume: 349 start-page: aac4716 issue: 6251 year: 2015 article-title: Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science publication-title: Science – volume: 19 start-page: 499 year: 1997 end-page: 508 article-title: Replication and reporting: A commentary publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition contributor: fullname: Gass – volume: 40 start-page: 755 year: 2018 end-page: 80 article-title: The effects of reading activity characteristics on L2 reading processes and noticing of glossed constructions publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition contributor: fullname: Révész – volume: 94 start-page: 119 year: 2017 end-page: 33 article-title: False positives and other statistical errors in standard analyses of eye movements in reading publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language contributor: fullname: Angele – volume: 69 start-page: 11 year: 2019 end-page: 17 article-title: Extending the reach of research: Introducing open accessible summaries at language learning publication-title: Language Learning contributor: fullname: Ellis – volume: 35 start-page: 547 year: 2014 end-page: 79 article-title: An eye-tracking study of learned attention in second language acquisition publication-title: Applied Psycholinguistics contributor: fullname: Martin – volume: 65 start-page: 76 year: 2015 end-page: 96 article-title: Design issues and inference in experimental L2 research publication-title: Language Learning contributor: fullname: Llosa – volume: 9 start-page: 4 year: 2010 end-page: 8 article-title: More than just eye candy: Top ten misconceptions about eye tracking publication-title: User Experience contributor: fullname: Adamczyk – volume: 37 start-page: 197 year: 2015 end-page: 235 article-title: Exploring the interface: Explicit focus-on-form instruction and learned attentional biases in L2 Latin publication-title: Studies in Second Language Acquisition contributor: fullname: Ellis – volume: 36 start-page: 1283 year: 2015 end-page: 1315 article-title: Second language sensitivity to agreement errors: Evidence from eye movements during comprehension and translation publication-title: Applied Psycholinguistics contributor: fullname: Christianson – volume: 7 start-page: 1 year: 2014 end-page: 11 article-title: Eye-tracking multi-word units: Some methodological challenges publication-title: Journal of Eye Movement Research contributor: fullname: Conklin – volume: 36 start-page: 591 year: 2015 end-page: 610 article-title: Bootstrapping in applied linguistics: Assessing its potential using shared data publication-title: Applied Linguistics contributor: fullname: Laflair – volume: 39 start-page: 861 year: 2018 end-page: 904 article-title: A methodological synthesis of self-paced reading in second language research publication-title: Applied Psycholinguistics contributor: fullname: Plonsky – volume: 21 start-page: 15 year: 2017 end-page: 23 article-title: Gaze control as prediction publication-title: Trends in Cognitive Sciences contributor: fullname: Henderson – volume: 23 start-page: 1215 year: 2009 end-page: 26 article-title: Reading information graphics: The role of spatial contiguity and dual attentional guidance publication-title: Applied Cognitive Psychology contributor: fullname: Holmqvist – volume: 135 start-page: 12 year: 2006 end-page: 35 article-title: Tracking the mind during reading: The influence of past, present, and future words on fixation durations publication-title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General contributor: fullname: Engbert – volume: 20 start-page: 299 year: 2017 end-page: 317 article-title: Cross language lexical priming extends to formulaic units: Evidence from eye-tracking suggests that this idea ‘has legs’ publication-title: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition contributor: fullname: Conklin – volume: 47 start-page: 30 year: 2002 end-page: 49 article-title: Circumscribing referential domains during real-time language comprehension publication-title: Journal of Memory and Language contributor: fullname: Carlson – volume: 35 start-page: 51 year: 2018 end-page: 73 article-title: Investigating the construct measured by banked gap-fill items: Evidence from eye-tracking publication-title: Language Testing contributor: fullname: Brunfaut – volume: 17 start-page: 237 year: 2014 end-page: 57 article-title: Real-time grammar processing by native and non-native speakers: Constructions unique to the second language publication-title: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition contributor: fullname: Altmann – volume: 10 start-page: 90 year: 2013 end-page: 115 article-title: A review of using eye-tracking technology in exploring learning from 2000 to 2012 publication-title: Educational Research Review contributor: fullname: Yang – volume: 7 start-page: 4 year: 2006 end-page: 22 article-title: E–Z reader: A cognitive-control, serial-attention model of eye-movement behavior during reading publication-title: Cognitive Systems Research contributor: fullname: Rayner – volume: 52 start-page: 445 year: 2018 end-page: 56 article-title: L2 readers’ global processing and selective attention: An eye tracking study publication-title: TESOL Quarterly contributor: fullname: Atkins – volume: 33 start-page: 571 year: 2012 end-page: 603 article-title: Processing reflexives in a second language: The timing of structural and discourse-level constraints publication-title: Applied Psycholinguistics contributor: fullname: Cunnings – volume: 62 start-page: 1457 year: 2009 end-page: 1506 article-title: Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search publication-title: The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology contributor: fullname: Rayner – volume: 68 start-page: 309 year: 2018 end-page: 20 article-title: Introducing registered reports at language learning: Promoting transparency, replication, and a synthetic ethic in the language sciences publication-title: Language Learning contributor: fullname: Ellis – volume: 6 start-page: e26828 year: 2011 article-title: Willingness to share research data is related to the strength of the evidence and the quality of reporting of statistical results publication-title: PLOS ONE contributor: fullname: Molenaar – volume: 10 start-page: 101 year: 2007 end-page: 16 article-title: The effect of exposure on syntactic parsing in Spanish–English bilinguals publication-title: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition contributor: fullname: Sagarra – volume: 124 start-page: 372 year: 1998 end-page: 422 article-title: Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research publication-title: Psychological Bulletin contributor: fullname: Rayner – volume: 68 start-page: 744 year: 2018 end-page: 79 article-title: First language influence on second language offline and online ambiguous pronoun resolution publication-title: Language Learning contributor: fullname: Colonna – volume: 73 start-page: 89 year: 1999 end-page: 134 article-title: The kindergarten-path effect: Studying on-line sentence processing in young children publication-title: Cognition contributor: fullname: Logrip – volume: 61 start-page: 726 year: 2006 end-page: 28 article-title: The poor availability of psychological research data for reanalysis publication-title: American Psychologist contributor: fullname: Molenaar – volume: 7 start-page: 1832 year: 2016 article-title: Degrees of freedom in planning, running, analyzing, and reporting psychological studies: A checklist to avoid p-hacking publication-title: Frontiers in Psychology contributor: fullname: Augusteijn – volume: 348 start-page: 1422 year: 2015 end-page: 25 article-title: Promoting an open research culture publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: Banks – volume: 19 start-page: 636 year: 2016 end-page: 43 article-title: Second language processing and revision of garden-path sentences: A visual word study publication-title: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition contributor: fullname: Trueswell – ident: bibr37-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1111/lang.12337 – ident: bibr62-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S1366728913000321 – ident: bibr67-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.61.7.726 – volume: 36 start-page: 591 year: 2015 ident: bibr47-0267658320921218 publication-title: Applied Linguistics contributor: fullname: Plonsky L – volume: 7 start-page: 1 year: 2014 ident: bibr3-0267658320921218 publication-title: Journal of Eye Movement Research contributor: fullname: Carrol G – ident: bibr43-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1126/science.aab2374 – ident: bibr65-0267658320921218 doi: 10.3758/s13428-016-0755-8 – ident: bibr10-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/9781108233279 – ident: bibr15-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0142716411000488 – ident: bibr12-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S1366728906002847 – volume-title: Replication research in applied linguistics year: 2012 ident: bibr49-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Porte G – ident: bibr58-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139524780.003 – ident: bibr19-0267658320921218 doi: 10.3726/978-3-653-02932-1/4 – ident: bibr34-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0142716418000036 – ident: bibr13-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0272263117000109 – volume-title: Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research year: 2019 ident: bibr11-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Creswell JW – ident: bibr44-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1126/science.aac4716 – volume-title: Eye tracking: A comprehensive guide to methods and measures year: 2011 ident: bibr23-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Holmqvist K – ident: bibr70-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0272263117000274 – volume-title: Eye tracking in second language acquisition and bilingualism: A research synthesis and methodological guide year: 2020 ident: bibr17-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Godfroid A – ident: bibr5-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1515/9781400884940 – ident: bibr18-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0272263114000850 – ident: bibr27-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.87.4.329 – ident: bibr66-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026828 – ident: bibr14-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0142716412000501 – ident: bibr48-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S027226319700404X – volume: 47 start-page: 3 year: 2012 ident: bibr72-0267658320921218 publication-title: Research Notes contributor: fullname: Bax S – ident: bibr6-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1006/jmla.2001.2832 – ident: bibr36-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1111/lang.12284 – ident: bibr50-0267658320921218 doi: 10.4324/9781315621395 – ident: bibr51-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S1366728915000838 – ident: bibr63-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00032-3 – ident: bibr68-0267658320921218 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01832 – ident: bibr54-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1080/17470210902816461 – ident: bibr4-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S1366728915000103 – ident: bibr7-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0272263115000029 – volume-title: Research methods in education year: 2018 ident: bibr9-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Cohen L – volume-title: Foundations of Behavioral Research year: 2000 ident: bibr28-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Kerlinger F – volume-title: Using multivariate statistics year: 2013 ident: bibr60-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Tabachnick BG – start-page: 1 volume-title: The interface of language, vision, and action: Eye movements and the visual world year: 2004 ident: bibr22-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Henderson JM – ident: bibr53-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372 – ident: bibr71-0267658320921218 doi: 10.4324/9781315165080-4 – volume-title: The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations year: 1973 ident: bibr40-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Merton RK – ident: bibr26-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0272263118000165 – ident: bibr32-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1075/lllt.51.10mar – ident: bibr55-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2005.07.002 – ident: bibr25-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1111/lang.12113 – ident: bibr29-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.135.1.12 – ident: bibr64-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2016.10.003 – ident: bibr2-0267658320921218 – ident: bibr38-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511816819.004 – ident: bibr39-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1177/0265532216677105 – volume-title: Unpublished paper to the annual meeting of the American Association of Applied Linguistics year: 2018 ident: bibr41-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Mulvey F – ident: bibr16-0267658320921218 doi: 10.4324/9781315160559-6 – start-page: 2218 volume-title: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society year: 2010 ident: bibr20-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Hemforth B – ident: bibr21-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.003 – ident: bibr45-0267658320921218 doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0998-z – ident: bibr31-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0142716414000290 – ident: bibr30-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2013.10.001 – ident: bibr35-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1111/lang.12286 – volume-title: Psych: procedures for personality and psychological research [statistical software package] year: 2018 ident: bibr56-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Revelle W – volume: 9 start-page: 4 year: 2010 ident: bibr1-0267658320921218 publication-title: User Experience contributor: fullname: Bojko A – ident: bibr46-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1002/bdm.1867 – ident: bibr24-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1002/acp.1525 – ident: bibr8-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1016/B978-008044980-7/50017-3 – ident: bibr52-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1002/tesq.423 – ident: bibr57-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1111/lang.12293 – ident: bibr69-0267658320921218 doi: 10.1017/S0272263112000903 – start-page: 1 volume-title: Advancing methodology and practice: The Iris repository of instruments for research into second languages year: 2016 ident: bibr33-0267658320921218 contributor: fullname: Marsden E |
SSID | ssj0018104 |
Score | 2.3968878 |
Snippet | Eye tracking has become an increasingly popular research methodology among language researchers to examine online cognitive processing of second-language (L2)... |
SourceID | proquest crossref eric sage |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 277 |
SubjectTerms | Accuracy Bilingualism Cognition Cognitive Processes Computer Software Eye Movements Language Research Language thought relationship Measurement Techniques Research design Research Methodology Researchers Second Language Learning Software Validity |
Title | Five common pitfalls in eye-tracking research |
URI | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0267658320921218 http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1260910 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2429414748/abstract/ |
Volume | 36 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3dT9swELcYvPAyjTG2bgz5ASEhZJYmThM_IgSqECAQILGnKrYvWqWqrdrwsP31u4vtNK1AAqQqqlLXTn3Xn-_7GNvPTKTxVQpjrRHkCRRUVF1YSNK8iHWkNXl0r657_Qd58Zg-hgbjPruk0sfm37N5Je-hKt5DulKW7Bso20yKN_A90hevSGG8vorG5xT2gxPjgkfTYVUWo1Ed3gp_QVSzwpAZ_MiX8_nTFkPvSA22jbFyeUxdLd-Ws8nQ2ZxHLdd7_2noOGJCSWNtkwHqhyG8NCBLjOiIoodDFnDIJzMclLj09QCNrjaJZ4GkjXO-94o7MpM6c_oZNK79wbQaLRZHCs9Jj7ZLha9XDqQmTLAbapGvzPCBbcSZSlHX3jj5fXN71biN8m7dL7L5fQu_9K_VOZbkkOVQd9IxWmF9taRx_4l99CoCP3H03mJrMP7Mvl56Ws35Ab9samHPt5kgLuCOC3jgAj4c8zYX8EDhL-zh_Oz-tC98EwxhUFSshLKp6mUqsqBlQfUaZZHkkBulJGRxDqTP6oLa9HR7kEFk0wTKNCuM1doYxOwdtj6ejOEb4yorcyNlCgTCsdF5YlE6LUBbLVWkocMOw5YMpq7WyeAlEnTYDu1ZM-7soouaMcqeHbYbdnHg_yrzAcqBSiKHSfzeAe3s4qOXFvj-hof5wTYXbL7L1qvZE_xEWbHSe55D9mq7yH-iOl85 |
link.rule.ids | 220,315,786,790,27957,27958 |
linkProvider | SAGE Publications |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Five+common+pitfalls+in+eye-tracking+research&rft.jtitle=Second+language+research&rft.au=Godfroid%2C+Aline&rft.au=Hui%2C+Bronson&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft.issn=0267-6583&rft.eissn=1477-0326&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=277&rft.epage=305&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0267658320921218&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1177_0267658320921218 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0267-6583&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0267-6583&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0267-6583&client=summon |