The Second-Person Perspective
The rise of social neuroscience has brought the second-person perspective back into the focus of philosophy. Although this is not a new topic, it is certainly less well understood than the first-person and third-person perspectives, and it is even unclear whether it can be reduced to one of these pe...
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| Published in | Inquiry (Oslo) Vol. 55; no. 1; pp. 33 - 49 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Abingdon
Taylor & Francis
01.02.2012
Routledge Taylor & Francis Ltd |
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| Abstract | The rise of social neuroscience has brought the second-person perspective back into the focus of philosophy. Although this is not a new topic, it is certainly less well understood than the first-person and third-person perspectives, and it is even unclear whether it can be reduced to one of these perspectives. The present paper argues that no such reduction is possible because the second-person perspective provides a unique kind of access to certain facts, namely other persons' mental states, particularly, but not only, in social contexts. The paper starts with the idea that perspectives are ways of epistemic access that determine an epistemic subject's recognition of a certain object. While the first-person perspective is subjective because it is based on, and directed at, the epistemic subject's experiences, the third-person perspective, which is based on objective evidence and gives access to all kinds of entities, is objective. The second-person perspective, by contrast, is intersubjective because it is a relation between an epistemic subject and another sentient being's mental states. It involves the epistemic subject's replication of those states, a basic self/other distinction and a basic awareness of the relevant situational differences between the epistemic subject and the other being. This is why the second-person perspective is a perspective on a perspective, which involves a basic awareness of perspectivalness, even if second-person perspective taking may be subpersonal to a large extent. |
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| AbstractList | The rise of social neuroscience has brought the second-person perspective back into the focus of philosophy. Although this is not a new topic, it is certainly less well understood than the first-person and third-person perspectives, and it is even unclear whether it can be reduced to one of these perspectives. The present paper argues that no such reduction is possible because the second-person perspective provides a unique kind of access to certain facts, namely other persons' mental states, particularly, but not only, in social contexts. The paper starts with the idea that perspectives are ways of epistemic access that determine an epistemic subject's recognition of a certain object. While the first-person perspective is subjective because it is based on, and directed at, the epistemic subject's experiences, the third-person perspective, which is based on objective evidence and gives access to all kinds of entities, is objective. The second-person perspective, by contrast, is intersubjective because it is a relation between an epistemic subject and another sentient being's mental states. It involves the epistemic subject's replication of those states, a basic self/other distinction and a basic awareness of the relevant situational differences between the epistemic subject and the other being. This is why the second-person perspective is a perspective on a perspective, which involves a basic awareness of perspectivalness, even if second-person perspective taking may be subpersonal to a large extent. The rise of social neuroscience has brought the second-person perspective back into the focus of philosophy. Although this is not a new topic, it is certainly less well understood than the first-person and third-person perspectives, and it is even unclear whether it can be reduced to one of these perspectives. The present paper argues that no such reduction is possible because the second-person perspective provides a unique kind of access to certain facts, namely other persons' mental states, particularly, but not only, in social contexts. The paper starts with the idea that perspectives are ways of epistemic access that determine an epistemic subject's recognition of a certain object. While the first-person perspective is subjective because it is based on, and directed at, the epistemic subject's experiences, the third-person perspective, which is based on objective evidence and gives access to all kinds of entities, is objective. The second-person perspective, by contrast, is intersubjective because it is a relation between an epistemic subject and another sentient being's mental states. It involves the epistemic subject's replication of those states, a basic self/other distinction and a basic awareness of the relevant situational differences between the epistemic subject and the other being. This is why the second-person perspective is a perspective on a perspective, which involves a basic awareness of perspectivalness, even if second-person perspective taking may be subpersonal to a large extent. Reprinted by permission of Routledge, Taylor and Francis Ltd. The rise of social neuroscience has brought the second-person perspective back into the focus of philosophy. Although this is not a new topic, it is certainly less well understood than the first-person and third-person perspectives, and it is even unclear whether it can be reduced to one of these perspectives. The present paper argues that no such reduction is possible because the second-person perspective provides a unique kind of access to certain facts, namely other persons' mental states, particularly, but not only, in social contexts. The paper starts with the idea that perspectives are ways of epistemic access that determine an epistemic subject's recognition of a certain object. While the first-person perspective is subjective because it is based on, and directed at, the epistemic subject's experiences, the third-person perspective, which is based on objective evidence and gives access to all kinds of entities, is objective. The second-person perspective, by contrast, is intersubjective because it is a relation between an epistemic subject and another sentient being's mental states. It involves the epistemic subject's replication of those states, a basic self/other distinction and a basic awareness of the relevant situational differences between the epistemic subject and the other being. This is why the second-person perspective is a perspective on a perspective, which involves a basic awareness of perspectivalness, even if second-person perspective taking may be subpersonal to a large extent. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Author | Pauen, Michael |
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| References | Woodward A. L. (CIT0041) 1998; 69 Mead G. H. (CIT0017) 1934 Lindemann G. (CIT0012) 2006 Loar B. (CIT0013) 1997 Bohman J. (CIT0005) 2000 Papineau D. (CIT0022) 1998; 32 Wittgenstein L. (CIT0039) 1958 Singer T. (CIT0031) 2004; 303 Doherty M. J. (CIT0007) 2006; 15 Westcott M. R. (CIT0036) 1988 Wicker B. (CIT0037) 2003; 40 Pauen M. (CIT0023) 2010; 47 Shoemaker S. (CIT0029) 1984 Adolphs R. (CIT0002) 2005; 433 Mead G. H. (CIT0016) 1926 Flavell J. H. (CIT0008) 1992 Mead G. H. (CIT0015) 1925; 35 Wimmer H. (CIT0038) 1983; 13 Ritter J. (CIT0025) 1971 Tomasello M. (CIT0032) 1993 Goldman A. I. (CIT0009) 1993; 14 CIT0020 Habermas J. (CIT0010) 1988 Masangkay Z. S. (CIT0014) 1974; 45 Saunders B. A. (CIT0028) 1997; 20 Woodward A. (CIT0040) 1996 Adolphs R. (CIT0003) 1994; 372 Cacioppo J. T. (CIT0006) 2005 Silani G. (CIT0030) 2010 Meltzoff A. (CIT0018) 1983 Adolphs R. (CIT0001) 2010; 65 Ryu J.-J. (CIT0027) 2008; 3 Vogeley K. (CIT0034) 2009; 13 Moll H. (CIT0019) 2010 Alston W. (CIT0004) 1971; 8 Pauen M. (CIT0024) 2011; 18 Moll H. (CIT0021) 2007; 43 Vignemont F. D. (CIT0033) 2006; 10 Westcott M. R. (CIT0035) 1982; 3 Habermas J. (CIT0011) 2004; 52 Rizzolatti G. (CIT0026) 2001; 2 |
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| Title | The Second-Person Perspective |
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