Development and validation of the theory-driven School Resilience Scale for Adults: Preliminary results

•School Resilience is a new theory-driven construct and psychometric instrument.•It is grounded on multisystemic and socio-ecological resilience theories.•School Resilience evaluates collective resilience within the school community.•It includes five protective or promotive factors that enhance well...

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Published inChildren and youth services review Vol. 119; p. 105589
Main Authors Morote, Roxanna, Anyan, Frederick, Las Hayas, Carlota, Gabrielli, Silvia, Zwiefka, Antoni, Gudmundsdottir, Dora Gudrun, Ledertoug, Mette Marie, Olafsdottir, Anna S., Izco-Basurko, Irantzu, Fullaondo, Ane, Mazur, Iwona, Królicka-Deregowska, Anna, Knoop, Hans Henrik, Hjemdal, Odin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2020
Elsevier Science Ltd
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Abstract •School Resilience is a new theory-driven construct and psychometric instrument.•It is grounded on multisystemic and socio-ecological resilience theories.•School Resilience evaluates collective resilience within the school community.•It includes five protective or promotive factors that enhance wellbeing and resilience.•It is a tool for school prevention, evaluation, research and policy development. Resilience is the ability of an individual or community to adapt to life challenges or adversities while maintaining mental health and well-being. In the multi-systemic resilience paradigm, human development and resilience is embedded in adaptive systems and in their interactions. Although the relationship between school systems and adolescents' mental wellbeing is established, there is no agreement on how to recognize and evaluate the most relevant aspects of the school community, acting at collective level, to boost positive socio-emotional and educational outcomes in children and adolescents. This study presents the development and preliminary validation of a new and theory-driven construct and instrument, the School Resilience Scale for Adults (SRS). School Resilience comprises five interrelated constructs (i.e. Positive relationships, Belonging, Inclusion, Participation, and Mental health awareness) connected theoretically to wellbeing and resilience in children and adolescents. The scale development was theory-driven, and the instrument was tested in four European counties in the frame of the UPRIGHT project (Universal Preventive Resilience Intervention Globally implemented in schools to improve and promote mental Health for Teenagers). Overall, 340 adults participated, 129 teachers and school staff, and 211 relatives of teenagers. The sample was randomly split for two studies: (1) an Exploratory Factor analysis (ESEM), and (2) Confirmatory Factor (CFA) analysis. In the exploratory analysis, Chi-Square difference test and model fit indices point towards the five-factor solution over a three-factor solution. The confirmatory study indicated that a five-factor model (RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.045) was slightly better than a second-order model (RMSEA = 0.046, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.05). Convergent and discriminant validities were partially demonstrated. Alpha and omega reliability coefficients verified the measurement model of the scale. The results confirmed that a multidimensional construct of School Resilience, defined as a collective resilience factor, embedded in the school staff, family members, and adolescents’ interrelated systems can be characterized and measured. Further studies must determine its role in the promotion of adolescents' resilience, mental wellbeing, educational outcomes, and in their positive adaptation in challenging contexts.
AbstractList •School Resilience is a new theory-driven construct and psychometric instrument.•It is grounded on multisystemic and socio-ecological resilience theories.•School Resilience evaluates collective resilience within the school community.•It includes five protective or promotive factors that enhance wellbeing and resilience.•It is a tool for school prevention, evaluation, research and policy development. Resilience is the ability of an individual or community to adapt to life challenges or adversities while maintaining mental health and well-being. In the multi-systemic resilience paradigm, human development and resilience is embedded in adaptive systems and in their interactions. Although the relationship between school systems and adolescents' mental wellbeing is established, there is no agreement on how to recognize and evaluate the most relevant aspects of the school community, acting at collective level, to boost positive socio-emotional and educational outcomes in children and adolescents. This study presents the development and preliminary validation of a new and theory-driven construct and instrument, the School Resilience Scale for Adults (SRS). School Resilience comprises five interrelated constructs (i.e. Positive relationships, Belonging, Inclusion, Participation, and Mental health awareness) connected theoretically to wellbeing and resilience in children and adolescents. The scale development was theory-driven, and the instrument was tested in four European counties in the frame of the UPRIGHT project (Universal Preventive Resilience Intervention Globally implemented in schools to improve and promote mental Health for Teenagers). Overall, 340 adults participated, 129 teachers and school staff, and 211 relatives of teenagers. The sample was randomly split for two studies: (1) an Exploratory Factor analysis (ESEM), and (2) Confirmatory Factor (CFA) analysis. In the exploratory analysis, Chi-Square difference test and model fit indices point towards the five-factor solution over a three-factor solution. The confirmatory study indicated that a five-factor model (RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.045) was slightly better than a second-order model (RMSEA = 0.046, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.05). Convergent and discriminant validities were partially demonstrated. Alpha and omega reliability coefficients verified the measurement model of the scale. The results confirmed that a multidimensional construct of School Resilience, defined as a collective resilience factor, embedded in the school staff, family members, and adolescents’ interrelated systems can be characterized and measured. Further studies must determine its role in the promotion of adolescents' resilience, mental wellbeing, educational outcomes, and in their positive adaptation in challenging contexts.
Resilience is the ability of an individual or community to adapt to life challenges or adversities while maintaining mental health and well-being. In the multi-systemic resilience paradigm, human development and resilience is embedded in adaptive systems and in their interactions. Although the relationship between school systems and adolescents' mental wellbeing is established, there is no agreement on how to recognize and evaluate the most relevant aspects of the school community, acting at collective level, to boost positive socio-emotional and educational outcomes in children and adolescents. This study presents the development and preliminary validation of a new and theory-driven construct and instrument, the School Resilience Scale for Adults (SRS). School Resilience comprises five interrelated constructs (i.e. Positive relationships, Belonging, Inclusion, Participation, and Mental health awareness) connected theoretically to wellbeing and resilience in children and adolescents. The scale development was theory-driven, and the instrument was tested in four European counties in the frame of the UPRIGHT project (Universal Preventive Resilience Intervention Globally implemented in schools to improve and promote mental Health for Teenagers). Overall, 340 adults participated, 129 teachers and school staff, and 211 relatives of teenagers. The sample was randomly split for two studies: (1) an Exploratory Factor analysis (ESEM), and (2) Confirmatory Factor (CFA) analysis. In the exploratory analysis, Chi-Square difference test and model fit indices point towards the five-factor solution over a three-factor solution. The confirmatory study indicated that a five-factor model (RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.045) was slightly better than a second-order model (RMSEA = 0.046, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.05). Convergent and discriminant validities were partially demonstrated. Alpha and omega reliability coefficients verified the measurement model of the scale. The results confirmed that a multidimensional construct of School Resilience, defined as a collective resilience factor, embedded in the school staff, family members, and adolescents' interrelated systems can be characterized and measured. Further studies must determine its role in the promotion of adolescents' resilience, mental wellbeing, educational outcomes, and in their positive adaptation in challenging contexts.
ArticleNumber 105589
Author Zwiefka, Antoni
Hjemdal, Odin
Królicka-Deregowska, Anna
Fullaondo, Ane
Morote, Roxanna
Las Hayas, Carlota
Gudmundsdottir, Dora Gudrun
Izco-Basurko, Irantzu
Mazur, Iwona
Gabrielli, Silvia
Olafsdottir, Anna S.
Anyan, Frederick
Ledertoug, Mette Marie
Knoop, Hans Henrik
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  organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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  givenname: Frederick
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  organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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  givenname: Carlota
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  givenname: Dora Gudrun
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  organization: Directorate of Health, Baronsstig 47, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
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  givenname: Mette Marie
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  email: mele@edu.au.dk
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  givenname: Anna S.
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  givenname: Ane
  surname: Fullaondo
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  givenname: Iwona
  surname: Mazur
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  email: mazuri@interia.pl
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  givenname: Anna
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2206-4940
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  organization: Daily Centre for Psychiatry and Speech Disorders, 51-116 Wrocław, ul. Wołowska 1, Poland
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  givenname: Hans Henrik
  surname: Knoop
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  email: knoop@edu.au.dk
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– sequence: 14
  givenname: Odin
  surname: Hjemdal
  fullname: Hjemdal, Odin
  email: odin.hjemdal@ntnu.no
  organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Hogskoleringen 1, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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Keywords School resilience
School community
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Collective resilience
Adolescents
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Snippet •School Resilience is a new theory-driven construct and psychometric instrument.•It is grounded on multisystemic and socio-ecological resilience...
Resilience is the ability of an individual or community to adapt to life challenges or adversities while maintaining mental health and well-being. In the...
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StartPage 105589
SubjectTerms Adolescent development
Adolescents
Adults
Children
Collective resilience
Emotions
Exploratory factor analysis
Five factor model
Health promotion
Human development
Measurement
Measures
Mental health
Relatives
Reliability
Resilience
Scale development
School community
School resilience
Teachers
Teenagers
Theory-driven
Validity
Well being
Title Development and validation of the theory-driven School Resilience Scale for Adults: Preliminary results
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105589
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2489015629
Volume 119
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