Ponesimod protects against neuronal death by suppressing the activation of A1 astrocytes in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

• Published in: Journal of neurochemistry Vol. 158; no. 4; pp. 880 - 897
• Main Authors: Zhang, Lifang, Guo, Kecheng, Zhou, Jian, Zhang, Xianhui, Yin, Shigang, Peng, Jianhua, Liao, Yuyan, Jiang, Yong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2021
• Subjects: Astrocytes; astrocytic polarization; Brain; Brain injury; Central nervous system; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Gene expression; Genetic transformation; Genotype & phenotype; Head injuries; Hemorrhage; Immunofluorescence; In vivo methods and tests; Inflammation; Morphology; neuroinflammation; neuronal death; Neuroprotection; Phenotypes; Polarization; Ponesimod; Stat3 protein; Stroke; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Therapeutic targets; Transcription; Traumatic brain injury; Western blotting

As an important initiator and responder of brain inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes transform into two new reactive phenotypes with changed morphology, altered gene expression and secretion profiles, termed detrimental A1 and beneficial A2. Inflammatory events have been sho...